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Software Engineering > Exam Prep Condensed > Flashcards

Exam Prep Condensed Flashcards

1
Q

What is Software Engineering?

A
  • Programming integrated over time.
  • Tools and processes used to build and maintain code.
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2
Q

What is Software Testing?

A

Verify a program has expected behavior on a finite set of test cases selected from an almost infinite execution domain.

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3
Q

When does Software Testing take place?

A
  • Should be pervasive through software life cycle.
  • Planning should start early in the software requirements process.
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4
Q

What is fault?

A

The cause of a malfunction.

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5
Q

What is failure?

A

An undesired effect observed from a system.

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6
Q

What term can be applied to both fault and failure when the distinction is not important?

A

Defect.

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7
Q

The 4 Levels of Testing

A
  1. Unit Testing
  2. Integration Testing
  3. System Testing
  4. Acceptance Testing
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8
Q

What is a unit test?

A

Testing individual components.

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9
Q

What is Integration Test?

A

Testing integrated components.

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10
Q

What is system test?

A

Testing the entire system.

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11
Q

What is acceptance test?

A

Testing the final system.

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12
Q

What is regression testing?

A

Selective retesting to verify modification has not caused failures and that requirements are still met.

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13
Q

What is the the Trade-Off of Regression Testing?

A

-> Assurance from testing
VS
-> Resources used by testing

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14
Q

What are testing techniques?

A

Aids to help to ensure the success of Testing Objectives

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15
Q

What are Testing Objectives?

A

Measurements gathered from tests that provide an evaluation of the program tested.

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16
Q

Example of a Testing Technique

A

Branch Coverage: How much of the codebase is tested. Meeting a branch coverage metric (i.e. 95%) is a way of improving the chances of finding failures by attempting to systematically exercise every program branch at every decision point.

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17
Q

What is Software Maintenance?

A

All activities required to provide cost-effective support to software.

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18
Q

What are Pre Delivery Activities?

A

Planning for post delivery, maintenance, and logistics of deployment.

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19
Q

What are Post Delivery Activities?

A
  • Modifying software
  • Training for operation of a help desk
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20
Q

What has caused the increased focus on Software Maintenance?

A

Organizations trying to squeeze the most out of their software by keeping it operating as long as possible.

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21
Q

Five Key Characteristics of Maintaining Software.

A
  1. Maintaining control over daily functions.
  2. Maintaining control over modification.
  3. Perfecting functionality.
  4. Identifying security threats and fixing security vulnerabilities.
  5. Preventing degradation of software performance.
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22
Q

Technical Issues of Software Testing

A
  • Cost of repeated testing.
  • Re-validating reported problems.
  • Importance of Regression Testing for maintenance.
  • Finding time to test.
  • Coordinating tests.
  • Critical software is hard to bring offline for testing
  • Tests can’t be executed in the production system.
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23
Q

What is maintainability?

A

Capability of modification.

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24
Q

Why is Maintainability difficult to achieve?

A

Sub-Characteristics Overlooked during development. This causes a lack of Documentation and Test Environments

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25
Q

How to enhance Maintainability?

A

By having systematic and mature processes, techniques, and tools.

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26
Q

Best approach to estimate Maintenance?

A

Experience combined with historical data.

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27
Q

The Four Levels of Maintenance Planning?

A
  1. Organization Level
  2. Transition Level
  3. Software Level
  4. Request Level
28
Q

At the Request Level (individual request), when is planning carried out?

A

During Impact Analysis.

29
Q

Requirements of the release/version planning activity.

A
  • Collect dates of availability of individual requests.
  • Agree on content of future releases/versions
  • Assess risks of a given release and develop a back-out plan
  • Inform all stakeholders
30
Q

Software Development Timeline vs. Software Maintenance Timeline.

A
  • Development –> Takes months to few years
  • Maintenance –> Usually lasts many years
31
Q

What is Refactoring?

A

Re-engineering technique to reorganize a program without changing it’s behavior.

32
Q

What is Reverse Engineering?

A

Process of analyzing software to create representation of software in another form or at higher abstraction.

33
Q

What does Reverse Engineering produce?

A

Call graphs and control flow graphs from source code.

34
Q

What is a system?

A

The combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes.

35
Q

What is System Configuration?

A

Functional and physical characteristics of hardware or software as described in technical documentation.

36
Q

How to identify items to be Controlled.

A

Understanding the software config in context of:
- System configuration,
- Selecting configuration items,
- Developing a strategy for labeling software items and relationships, and
- Identifying the baselines to use and the procedure for a baseline acquisition of items

37
Q

What is a Baseline?

A

Formally approved version of a configuration item from a fixed point in time during its life cycle.

38
Q

What are types of baselines?

A
  1. Functional -> Reviewed System Requirements
  2. Allocated -> Reviewed Software Requirements
  3. Developmental -> Configuration is selected at times during SDLC
39
Q

What is Software Engineering Management?

A

Planning, Coordinating, Measuring, Monitoring, Controlling, and Reporting to ensure SW products and SWE services are delivered efficiently/effectively to the stakeholder’s benefit.

40
Q

Complications of SEM

A
  • Knowing what is needed or feasible.
  • Impact from clients changing requirements.
  • Increased understanding and changing conditions can cause new/changed software requirements.
  • Software often built using an iterative process rather than a sequence of closed tasks.
41
Q

Define Management in terms of SWE Management.

A

The system of process and control required to achieve organizational objectives

42
Q

Define Measurement in terms of SWE Management.

A

The assignment of values and labels to SWE…
- Work products
- Processes
- Resources + derived models

43
Q

What is Closure?

A
  • Development & processes completed.
  • Requirements to be confirmed.
  • Acceptance documentation
44
Q

Two Objectives of Software Process Management.

A
  1. Realize the effectiveness and efficiency of systematic approach to development.
  2. Introduce new or improved processes
45
Q

What is Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

A

Processes that transform software requirements into a deliverable software product

46
Q

What is Software Product Life Cycle (SPLC)?

A

SDLC + deployment to retirement and aspects like config management and quality assurance.

47
Q

What is an Audit?

A

Conducted to ensure compliance with policies and standards.

48
Q

What is the purpose of SE Models and Methods?

A

Imposes structure on SWE to make activities systematic, repeatable, and success-oriented.

49
Q

What do SE Models provide?

A

Approaches to problem solving, notations, and procedures.

50
Q

What do SE Methods provide?

A

Organized and systematic approach to developing software

51
Q

Three principles related to Software Modeling

A
  1. Model the Essentials
  2. Provide Perspective
  3. Enable Effective Communications
52
Q

Primary Expression Element of a Model

A

Entity:
- Either has Concrete Artifacts or a Abstract Artifacts.
- Connected by relations.

53
Q

What are Preconditions?

A

Conditions that must be satisfied prior to execution of the function or method.

54
Q

What are Postconditions?

A

Conditions guaranteed to be true after execution of the function or method.

55
Q

What are Invariants?

A

Conditions that persist before and after execution of the function or method.

56
Q

Why is the Analysis of Models important?

A

To ensure models serve their intended purpose for the stakeholders.

57
Q

Four Cost of Quality Categories.

A
  1. Prevention
  2. Appraisal
  3. Internal Failure
  4. External Failure
58
Q

What is Cost of Software Quality (CoSQ)?

A

Measurements derived from economic assessment of software quality development and maintenance processes.

59
Q

What are Types of Safety Critical Software?

A
  • Direct -> SW embedded in a safety-critical system
  • Indirect -> SW applications used to develop safety critical software.
60
Q

What are Safety Critical System?

A

System whose failure could result in injury or loss of life.

61
Q

What are Software Quality Management (SQM)?

A

Collection of processes that ensure that all software implementation meets the organization’s software quality objectives and achieves stakeholder satisfaction.

62
Q

Four Categories of Software Quality Management (SQM).

A
  1. SQ Planning –> SQP
  2. SQ Assurance –> SQA
  3. SQ Control –> SQC
  4. SQ Improvement –> SPI
63
Q

Software Quality Planning (SQP)

A
  • Determine quality standards
  • Define goals
  • Estimate effort
64
Q

Software Quality Assurance (SQA)

A
  • IS NOT TESTING!
  • Define and assess software process quality to gain confidence that software products are produced with quality and function with intended purpose
65
Q

Walkthrough

A

An informal presentation of a product in order to gain feedback

66
Q

Software Engineering Process

A

Consists of inputs/outputs and consumes resources

67
Q

SQM: Static vs Dynamic Techniques

A
  • Static Techniques -> Software is NOT executed
  • Dynamic Techniques -> Software IS executed

Software Engineering (2 decks)

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