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Foundations Of Sexology > Exam Prep > Flashcards

Exam Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered the fallopian tubes?

A

Gabriele Falloppio - 1523-1562

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2
Q

Who wrote Psychopathia Sexualis?

A

Heinrich Kaan, 1843

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3
Q

What was considered the root of all sexual disorders/dysfunctions, and why?

A

Masturbation - because it involved extravagant fantasties. Heterosexual sex was also pathological if it involved fantasies.

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4
Q

Name at least three “fathers” of sexology.

A 
Iwan Bloch
Sigmund Freud
Havelock Ellis 
Magnus Hirschfeld 
Max Marcuse
Albert Moll
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5
Q

Who founded the Institute of Sexology and when?

A

Magnus Hirschfeld, 1919

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6
Q

When was the institute of sexology destroyed and by whom?

A

Nazis ransacked and burned all papers/books in 1933

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7
Q

What was Kellogg’s intention with his invention of cornflakes?

A

He advocated for abstinence from sex and masturbation (self-abuse), and believed that the blandness of the cornflakes would decrease arousal

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8
Q

When was the Institue of Sexual Research (in America) founded, and by whom?

A

1947, by Alfred Kinsey

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9
Q

Name Alfred Kinsey’s two monumental studies.

A

Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male (1948)

Sexual Behaviour in the Human Female (1953)

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10
Q

Name criticisms of Kinsey’s work.

A
  1. Non-representative sample - overrepresented by prisoners, prostitutes and homosexuals
  2. Omissions & falsities - omitted Black participants and reclassified some singles as married
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11
Q

Elise Ottesen-Jensen founded which federation in the mid-40s?

A

International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF)

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12
Q

Who first described the phenomenon of female ejaculation and named the G-spot? And in which year?

A

Ernst Grafenberg, 1950

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13
Q

When was the Mattachine Society founded?

A

1950 - the first American Homosexual Liberation Society.

Name derived from masked French gatherings - masks could speak truth to power

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14
Q

“The Pill” was first developed in which year?

And when did it become widely available?

A

1950 - developed

1960 - available after many setbacks and clinical testing

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15
Q

Describe the work of John Money (1955).

A
  • Made the distinction between sex and gender.
  • New, sophisticated discussion regarding differences between men and women.
  • One of the first scientists to study psychology of fluidity - how societal constructs of gender effect individual.
  • Gender Identity; Gender Role
  • Changed words:
    Perversion -> Paraphilia
    Sexual Preference -> Orientation
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16
Q

When was the Daughters of Bilitis founded?

A

1955 - 1st Lesbian Emancipation Organisation

17
Q

Name 2 ground-breaking books by William Masters and Virginia Johnson (1957-1990s).

A

Human Sexual Response (1966)

Human Sexual Inadequacy (1970)

18
Q

Who is said to have studied the physiological responses of “10,000 complete cycles of sexual response”?

A

Masters and Johnson (1957-1965)

19
Q

What did Masters and Johnsons discover about vaginal lubrication?

A

That it did not originate from the cervix, but from glands in the vaginal canal.

20
Q

What are the 4 stages of Masters and Johnson’s Sexual Response Cycle?

A 
Excitement Phase (initial arousal)
Plateau Phase (at full arousal, not yet at orgasm)
Orgasm 
Resolution Phase (after orgasm)
21
Q

Name some criticisms of Masters and Johnson’s work.

A

Incorporating cultural attitudes into their research on certain sexual behaviours.
i.e. didn’t take into account that 70% of women who could not reach orgasm through intercourse, could do so through masturbation. - Affected classification of female sexual dysfunction.

Research Methodology

  • high number of prostitutes
  • homosexual behaviour not included in work on human sexual response cycles
  • environmental bias - sex is different between lab and somewhere usual/comfortable.

Johnson was not a doctor (and often wouldn’t correct those who called her a doctor)

22
Q

When did the term “Trans-sexualism” enter scientific discourse

A

1966

Was originally coined by Magnus Hirschfeld, and was reintroduced by Harry Benjamin

23
Q

Describe what a sexual script is.

A

1973 - Gagnon and Simon:
A pattern of conduct following script - an interactively acquired script combining knowledge from several sources - social institutions, family, friends, peers.

24
Q

When was homosexuality removed from the DSM as a sexual pathology?

A

1973

25
Q

Which reports prompted scientists to look at issues relating to female sexuality? When were they written?

A

The Hite Reports - by Shere Hite

  • HR on Female Sexuality - 1976
  • HR on Men and Male Sexuality - 1981
26
Q

When was the World Association for Sexology founded?

A

1978 - known today as World Association of Sexual Health, with the aim to promote sexual health and sexual rights.

27
Q

When, where, and by whom was the 1st sexology teaching programs introduced in Aus?

A

Prof. Rosemary Coates brought the first program of its kind to Curtin University (WAIT) in 1978.

28
Q

What is the WAS definition of Sexual Health?

A

2002 - state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being related to sexuality. Not merely absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity.

29
Q

What is the WAS definition of Sex?

A

2002 - refers to biological characteristics - male or female.
Bio characteristics not mutually exclusive - intersex.

30
Q

What is the WAS definition of Sexuality?

A

2002 - central aspect of being human throughout lifetime. Encompasses - sex, gender identities, gender roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy & reproduction.

31
Q

What are some physical attributes of the excitement phase of sexual response?

A

Vasocongestion - “sex flush” - responsible for darkening/swelling of clit, vagina, labia; and penis hardening
Increased heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure

32
Q

What are some physical attributes of the plateau phase of sexual response?

A

Increased circulation, heart rate, sexual pleasure from increased stimulation, muscle tension

33
Q

Describe the resolution phase, including the refractory period.

A

Muscles are allowed to relax, blood pressure drops.
Refractory period - in men - timeframe where they’re unable to orgasm again. While women may have a refractory period, it’s generally much shorter or not there (multiple orgasms).

34
Q

What is the key difference between Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle, and Helen Singer Kaplan’s model?

A

Kaplan (1979) included an initial “Desire” stage - not purely physiological. Pre-cursor to sexual response (though not always).

35
Q

What is the key difference between Kaplan’s model and Zilbergeld and Ellison’s sexual response cycle?

A

Z&E differentiated the desire phase into initial Desire and Arousal. Initial desire turns into arousal - is the subjective experience of feeling turned on.

Foundations Of Sexology (1 decks)

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