Exam prep Flashcards
According to Freud psychologically healthy people are more successful at employing the defence mechanisms of
Displacement and sublimation
Freuds view of the person is partly based on the assumption of psychosocial conflict. This means that…
The person is caught up in constant conflict between his or her sexual and aggressive drives, and demands/norms of society.
Why is Freud’s theory often referred to as a conflict theory?
This happens on an unconscious level. The ego acts as a mediator between the ID and superego. The ego must be strong enough to come with the conflict between the ID and superego and the accompanying tension.
Tell me about the ID
It functions according to primary process. Follows the pleasure principle and it’s not capable of deliberation and planning. It’s dreams and fantasizes- Freud falls that wish fulfillment.
Threatens with tension and anxiety if needs are not met.
Tell me about the EGO.
Functions according to secondary process. Means it judges matters, considers and plans. It finds suitable objects for satisfying needs. It’s capable of postponing until a suitable time. It’s in contact with the outside world. Makes use of cognitive functions such as observation, rational thought, memory and learning.
Tell me about the super EGO
Operates according to moral principle and makes sure the society’s moral rules are obeyed. It punishes anyone guilty of immoral thoughts or behavior with feelings of guilt.
You must not steal.
According to Freud the ego is strong and effective when it
Forms compromises between the super ego and ID
Explain the functioning of the psyche or what motivates a persons behavior.
Freud proposed a mechanistic view of people. Energy transformation. Psyche needs energy. The energy arises from drives that have individual sources in the body and are reduced by acts of a sexual or aggressive nature. Society obviously has norms so people displace their energy. But excessive energy doesn’t displace on its own. Leads to greater pressure for its satisfaction and causes greater tension in the ego which has to take into account rules of superego. The anxiety that is generated by this state of conflict can eventually cause psychic problems. Therefore human behavior is aimed at channeling this drive energy to reduce tension.
A man lost in the desert is extremely thirsty. Explain the source, impetus, purpose and object of the thirst.
The thirst drives source of energy is located in the body, namely the mouth, throat, gullet or stomach.
The impetus or energy of the thirst drive of someone lost in the desert will obviously be very strong.
The purpose of the thirst drive is to quench the persons thirst as quickly as possibly to relieve the irritation and discomfort in the mouth and throat. (Physical source)
The object of the thirst drive is water. The only object that will quench the thirst of a man in the desert.
Freud divides drives into 2 main groups
Life drives (Eros)
- ego (individual) ensure survival of the individual personally, hunger drive, thirst drive, respiration drive.
- sexual (species) ensure survival of the species.
Death drives (Thanatos) individuals per suit of self destruction and death. Aggression, violence and war.
Explain cathexis and anticathexis
When a drive demands satisfaction, the ego must looks for a suitable object with which to satisfy this drive. When it finds it, it invest psychic energy and drive energy is reduced. Y this investment. When the ego invests emergency like this it is known as cathexis. The moral prohibition that the superego places on an object is known as the anticathexis.
According to Freuds theory of drives, psychic energy can be effectively reduced by
Choosing appropriate objects to use for the satisfaction of drives. Psychic energy is reduced by displacement, which involves the choice of suitable objects for satisfying drives.
Explain the concept of anxiety in Freuds theory.
Anxiety is the ego’s reaction to danger.
The ego is threatened by reality or the environment, by the Id’s demands and. T the restrictions imposed by the superego.
A surplus of drive energy arises which leads to discomfort and tension for the ego.
Threats from outside, from actual dangers in the environment, cause reality anxiety or fear.
Threats from inside (intrapsychic threats) from the ID or superego cause neuroses and moral anxiety.
Reality anxiety (experiences consciously) is coped with by fighting fleeing or negotiating.
Neurotic and moral anxiety (partially conscious or totally unconscious) is coped with through Defence mechanisms, dreams and parapraxes.
Children are very important in the everyday, collective life of traditional Africans. This refers to ? As explained by Sow.
Micro-cosmos
This is the domain of the individual person in his or her everyday life. Children play a very important role in the everyday existence of the traditional African.
It is very important for traditional Africans to honor their ancestors. This refers to the ?
Macro-cosmos
This is the domain in which God and the ancestors are encountered in the traditional African belief system.
The rituals to fortify African babies against evil, refer to the ?
Meso-cosmos
Is the domain of the malignant spirits, witches, etc and babies are often fortified in different ways to protect them from illness and ill fate which is ascribed to this level.
The worldview of the traditional African is based on a
View that people form an indivisible whole with God and nature, with man as the center of the universe.
This can be typified as holistic, neither God (theocentric view), nor the individual (person-orientated view), nor nature (pantheistic view) form the focal point. The African view focuses on people as social beings (anthropocentric view) who are the center of the universe.
Why is it important to study an African perspective in personology?
The existing Euro-American perspectives are one sided and sometimes unsuitable for the understanding of people from other cultures. It’s important to understand people in the context in which they exist.
In terms of Rogers theory, the self concept
Is a representation of the value that individuals attach to themselves.
Freedom of choice is one of the characteristics of an optimally functioning person. However the self concept does not necessarily make it possible for one to exercise freedom of choice.
According to Freud, the ego is strong and effective when it
is capable of compromise.
Give an example of someone with a strong ego.
John copes with the demands of reality and is less anxious, therefore uses fewer but more effective defence mechanisms.
According to Freud, neurotic anxiety is caused by
a forbidden unconscious drive threatening to surface.
Mr Bob has an unconscious wish to abuse his wife physically and emotionally. He believes though that it is other men who want to abuse their wives and this upsets him so much he establishes and organisation to ‘free woman from male abuse’. According to Freud which defence mechanism is Mr Bob using?
Projection and reaction formation.
According to Freud, an artist who paints naked figures is giving vent to his sexual drives in a socially acceptable way. This type of defence mechanism is
Sublimation
Sally goes to watch soccer and notices how the players dribble the ball. When she gets home she recounts what she observed but she does not attempt to demonstrate the moves. Bandura’s theory suggests
She has low self-efficacy perception
Observational learning
The imitation of behaviour is determined by the consequences of the model’s behaviour, and the observers cognitive processes.
Laura sees Daniel being fined for speaking on his mobile while driving. Laura gets such a fright, she decides to get a handsfree and not use her mobile while driving
Daniels punishment led to counter imitation by Laura
