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NUR305 Julie Sparks > Exam prep > Flashcards

Exam prep Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Nursing Care includes:

A
  • Pressure area care
  • positioning
  • VTE
  • oral hygiene
  • Eye care
  • Diet and Fluids
  • Bowel and urinary care
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2
Q

Define oxygen cascade

A

The transfer of o2 from arterial pressure to your body

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3
Q

What are ABGs?

A

Samples of arterial blood

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4
Q

Define VQ ratio

A

The relationship between ventilation (v) and perfusion (q)

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5
Q

Normal alveolar ventilation?

A

4L/min

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6
Q

Pulmonary capillary perfusion?

A

5L/min

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7
Q

Define ventilation

A

The mechanical movement of air to and from the atmosphere and the alveolar (in and out of the lungs).

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8
Q

Define perfusion

A

The pumping or flow of blood into the tissues and organs.

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9
Q

Define preload

A

Pressure or stretch exerted on the walls of the ventricle by the volume of blood filling the ventricles at the end of diastole.

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10
Q

Define contractility

A

The ability of a muscle to shorten when stimulated.

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11
Q

Define afterload

A

The resistance to ventricular contraction.

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12
Q

Stroke volume is…

A

The volume of blood pumped with each heart beat.

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13
Q

Define cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute.

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14
Q

Mean arterial pressure is..

A

The average pressure within the arterial system throughout the cardiac cycle.

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15
Q

Oculogynic crisis is..

A

Seizure like activity in kids/teens caused by administration of metoclopromide.

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16
Q

Heart failure is..

A

The inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of the tissues for oxygen and nutrients.

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17
Q

In regards to shock, what are the 4 H’s and 4 T’s?

A

4 H’s

  • Hypoxaemia
  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hyper/Hypokalaemia
  • Hyper/Hypothermia

4 T’s

  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Tamponade
  • Toxins
  • Thromboembolism
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18
Q

Hepatomegaly is..

A

A medical condition in which the liver swells beyond its normal size.

19
Q

Trauma Triad..

A
  1. Hypothermia
  2. Acidosis
  3. Coagulopathy
20
Q

Name the three types of shock..

A
  1. Hypovolaemic
  2. Cardiogenic - obstructive.
  3. Distributive - sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic
21
Q

Cardiogenic shock..

A

Is the inability to maintain adequate perfusion despite adequate circulatory volume.

22
Q

Define ethics

A

Analysis of rational processes to decide a course of action where conflicting options exist.

23
Q

Morality is..

A

Community norms - right or wrong

24
Q

Values are..

A

Individual beliefs and attitudes that influence actions and decisions.

25
Q

Define autonomy

A

The capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, uncoerced decision.

-respect for the individual

26
Q

Beneficence is..

A

To do good

27
Q

Non maleficence means..

A

To do no harm.

28
Q

Justice is..

A

A fair, equitable and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to an individual

29
Q

Patient advocacy

A

A person chosen by an individual to make medical decisions on behalf of that person in the situation where the individual becomes incompetent

30
Q

Medical futility

A

A rationale for why treatment, either life saving or sustaining, is not considered to be in the patients best interests.

31
Q

Conscientious objection is

A

A refusal to participate in any procedure that would violate their reasoned moral conscious.

32
Q

Normal VQ ratio is..

A

0.8

33
Q

Normal acid base values..

A 
PH: 7.35-7.45
PaO2: 80-100mmHg
PaCO2: 35-45mmHg
HCO3: 22-26mmol/L
BE: +/- 3mmol/L
Saturation >94.5-98.2%
34
Q

Define NSTEMI

A

A non- ST-elevation myocardial infarction, caused by a severely narrowed artery.

35
Q

Define STEMI

A

An ST-elevation myocardial infarction caused by a sudden complete blockage of a coronary artery.

36
Q

SIRS can only be diagnosed if the patient has at least 2 of the following:

A

Temperature <35 or >38.5
Heart rate >90
Tachypnoea RR >20
WCC low or elevated

37
Q

First surgical scrub of the day should be..

A

5 minutes long

38
Q

STEMI treatment..

A
  1. Reassure pt - gain hx
  2. Reposition - sit up
  3. Obs + AE assessment
  4. O2 therapy
  5. ECG
  6. Pain relief
  7. Bloods - troponin, CK, myoglobin
  8. CXR
39
Q

Broselow tape is

A

A colour coded tape used to simplify the treatment of children in paediatric medical emergencies

40
Q

Consent for organ donation is received from

A

The next of kin

41
Q

What are three diagnostic assessments for pulmonary gas exchange?

A

Arterial blood gases- blood samples taken from an artery to measure specific levels of gases.

Pulse oximetry- non invasive way to monitor a persons o2 saturations.

End tidal co2 monitoring capnography - the measurement of carbon dioxide partial pressure during expiration.

42
Q

ECG lead view..

A

Inferior- II, III, aVF

Lateral- I, aVL, V5, V6

Anterior- V3, V4

Septal - V1, V2

43
Q

Treatment for burns includes

A

A- assess airway and early intubation. Laryngeal oedema can make it difficult to intubate later.
B- assess breathing. O2? Thoracic burn - eschatomy to relieve tightness and allow chest to expand.
C- insert 2 large bore cannulae. Fluid resus, IDC insertion, FBC.
D- GCS, BGL, pain relief
E- log roll, debridement, dressings, obs, ABGs, pressure area care, communication

NUR305 Julie Sparks (1 decks)

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