exam prep Flashcards
to not fail (26 cards)
What are some causes of the 1981 springbok tour controversy?
- Apartheid
- Montreal Olympics
- Gleneagles agreement
- Muldoons refusal to cancel the tour
What is apartheid
A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race
What was the controversy surrounding the Springboks coming to nz?
Many NZers objected to the tour because of SA’s policy of racial apartheid, and many questioned racism at home.
Why was the montreal olympics controversial?
At the 1976 Olympic games, SA was excluded, as a direct consequence of its apartheid regime.
In 1976, New Zealand’s rugby team had played against South Africa, which caused an uproar. The New Zealand government, at the time led by Prime Minister Robert Muldoon, did not implement any official ban on sporting contacts with South Africa. The New Zealand Rugby Union (NZRFU) continued to play against South Africa in defiance of the international boycott calls.
What happened at the Montreal Olympics due to NZ’s participation?
A large number of African nations (about 28 countries) staged a boycott of the Olympics due to the New Zealand rugby team’s 1976 tour of South Africa. These countries argued that it was morally unacceptable for any country to have ties with a nation practicing apartheid.
What is the gleneagles agreement, and what did it cover?
A political agreement reached in 1977 by Commonwealth countries, it reached 4 main points.
- A sports boycott of South Africa
- An international Isolation of SA
- Support for Anti-Apartheid movements
- This agreement was a voluntary nature, and while it was not legally binding, it was a significant political declaration
Why did muldoon refuse to cancel the tour?
- A believer that ‘politics should remain out of sport,’ Muldoon did not cancel the tour, instead handing over the decision to the NZRFU.
- Him not saying no they then took as approval, so the tour then went ahead
- He wanted to appeal to the greatest voting potential, which were middle aged blue collar white men, who wanted their rugby.
What were some of the direct effects on nz?
-Families torn apart
-No more official rugby tours with South Africa
-An altered parliament in the 1984 election
-“our innocence lost’
– Social ruptures within communities and families across the country
- With the National Gov. backing the tour, protests against apartheid sport turned into confrontations with both police and pro tour rugby fans
What effects did the tour have on law making?
-Homosexual law reform 1986
-Nuclear free NZ 1987
-Treaty of Waitangi 1985 some land returned
What happened in the 1984 election
- Lead by a dramatic shift in NZ’s political landscape, Muldoon lost the 1984 election quite successfully
- The reasons for this were the economic crisis and mismanagement of it, the calling of a ‘snap election’ and its backfiring, the public losing touch with Muldoon, (younger generation), and Labours growing appeal under David Lange.
how many seats did national get in the 1984 election
Labour won 56/120 seats, while National only managed 37.
What were examples of turangawaewae in the tour
-Hamilton cancelled
-Molesworth street protest
What happened at the hamilton game
Game 2
25th July
Game cancelled infront of full house due to safety concerns, with a ground invasion of several hundred.
‘the whole world is watching.’
What happened at molesworth street
Wellington
4 days after Hamilton
29th July
2000 protestors
There was unprecedented violence between protesters and policemen, being the first time they used batons to control a crowd. It was the only protest not at a game.
How many people protested in total?
150,000 protesters at over 200 demonstrations.
Who lost and gained mana during the tour?
Gained
-Minto
-HART
-Nelson Mandela
-protestors
Lost
-Muldoon
-NZRFU
-rugby supporters
-New Zealand
How did minto gain mana?
- Protested for what was right
- Lead HART
What did minto learn growing up?
Grown up with the belief that he ‘had to have a responsibility for those who weren’t so well off.’
What did minto believe NZ could do with the tour?
‘I felt this was an issue where NZ could put pressure on that relationship.’
What did mandela say to the protesters?
‘You elected to brave the batons and pronounce that New Zealand could not be free when other human beings were being subjected to a legalized and cruel system of racial domination.’
What did minto say after meeting mandela?
‘One of the things he said was that when he was in prison in 1981 and they had heard that the [Springbok tour] game [against Wellington] had been stopped by protest, all the prisoners rattled their doors throughout the jail and he said it was like the sun came out.’
How did muldoon lose mana?
- Didn’t cancel the tour
- Didn’t cancel the players visas
- Handed over the final decision to the NZRFU
-Invested in project rugby (15 million at the time, $63 million in2020)
-Wasn’t there for the molesworth protest
what did muldoon believe the tour was?
Believed the tour was ‘one issue on which people will change their vote.’
What did muldoon say the gov will do even if there are protests?
Maintained that ‘even if there were threats of violence and civil strife’ a National Gov. will let the tour go ahead.
