exam part 2 Flashcards
- In a 53-year-old patient, for no apparent reason, large blisters with a flabby lining and bright red erosion appeared on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, and then on the skin of the trunk. The process is accompanied by pain, which makes it difficult to eat. Nikolsky’s symptom is positive. Diagnosis?
1.toxicoderma
2.simple psoriasis
3.syphilitic pemphigus
4. pemphigus vulgaris
pemphigus vulgaris
old patient
large blisters
floppy lining with bright red erosion means easy rupture
start on oral cavity then extend t the trunk
Nikolsky’s symptom is positive hallmark of pemphigus
Nikolsky’s sign Rubbing normal skin causes blister formation ✅ Positive
Asboe-Hansen’s sign Pressing an existing blister causes it to spread sideways
acantholysis (loss of desmosomal connections between keratinocytes).
why not syphilitic pemphigus
Syphilitic pemphigus is a rare congenital syphilis condition in newborns small blisters on palms and soles no nicholsky sign
. The most typical location of rash in pemphigus vulgaris disease is:
1. face
2. mucous membrane of the mouth, trunk
3. palms, soles
4. genitals
mucous membrane of the mouth, trunk
State the drug of choice for treatment of pemphigus vulgaris:
1. antibiotics
2. vitamins
3. fentivazide
4. prednisolone
Prednisolone ✅ بردني سالون
Why is Prednisolone the Drug of Choice?
✔ Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease, where autoantibodies attack desmoglein 1 and 3, causing acantholysis (loss of cell adhesion).
✔ Prednisolone is a systemic corticosteroid that suppresses the immune response and reduces blister formation.
✔ High-dose oral corticosteroids are the first-line treatment to control the disease quickly and prevent complications.
. Morphological element in Duhring’s herpetiform dermatosis:
1. vesicles
2. tubercle
3. pustule
4. node
Vesicles ✅
Why is “Vesicles” the Correct Answer?
✔ Duhring’s herpetiform dermatitis (Dermatitis Herpetiformis) is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease associated with gluten sensitivity (celiac disease).
✔ The primary morphological element is vesicles, which are small, fluid-filled blisters.
✔ The vesicles are grouped (herpetiform pattern) and are very itchy.
✔ The rash is symmetrically distributed, often affecting the elbows, knees, buttocks, and back.
- Therapeutic nutrition for patients with During’s dermatitis include:
1. exclusion of cereals from the diet
2. hypoallergenic diet
3. limiting alcohol consumption
4. limiting fatty foods
Exclusion of cereals from the diet” the Correct Answer?
Specify the depth of the location of the bladder with pemphigus vulgaris:
1. under the stratum corneum
2. intraepidermal
3. subepidermal
4. subdermal
Pemphigus Blisters Inside the Epidermis”
intraepidermal
flaccid bulla
Inguinal epidermophytosis should be differentiated from:
1. eczema
2. herpes simplex
3. erythrasma
4. lichen planus
Inguinal epidermophytosis, commonly known as tinea cruris, is a fungal infection affecting the groin area. Differentiating it from other dermatological conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Correct Answer: 3️⃣ Erythrasma ✅
Why is Erythrasma the Correct Answer?
Erythrasma is a bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum, presenting with reddish-brown patches in skin folds, often resembling fungal infections. A Wood’s lamp examination can help differentiate erythrasma from fungal infections, as erythrasma fluoresces coral-red under this ligh
What factors contribute to the occurrence of mycosis of the foot?
1. children’s age
2. contact with pets
3. frequent shoe cleaning
4. frequent visits to the sauna, pool, use of someone else’s shoes
frequent visits to the sauna, pool, use of someone else’s shoes
Mycosis refers to a fungal infection affecting various parts of the body, including the skin, nails, and internal organs. When it occurs on the feet, it’s commonly known as athlete’s foot. This condition is caused by fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments, leading to symptoms like itching, redness, and peeling skin.
Correct Answer: 4️⃣ Frequent visits to the sauna, pool, use of someone else’s shoes ✅
Why is this the Correct Answer?
Warm, Moist Environments: Fungi that cause athlete’s foot thrive in warm, damp places. Public areas like saunas and swimming pools provide ideal conditions for these fungi. Walking barefoot in such places increases the risk of infection.
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Shared Footwear: Using someone else’s shoes can transfer fungi from one person to another, leading to infection. Fungi can survive on surfaces like shoes, making shared footwear a potential source of infection.
Specify clinical form of foot mycosis?
1.progressive
2.verrucous
3.dyshidrotic
4.atrophic
Dyshidrotic vesicles
Moccasin Form: dry scaly
Ulcerative Form: ulcer and erosion
. What is characteristic of rubromycosis?
1. scar
2. small pustules
3. bubble
4. defeat of skin and nails on feet, hands
Affects skin and nails on feet and hands
What contribute to the development of candidiasis?
1. prolonged use of antifungal drugs
2. herpes simplex
3. prolonged use of corticosteroids
4. atopic dermatitis
Candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is caused by an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, particularly Candida albicans. Several factors can contribute to the development of candidiasis:
Correct Answer: 3️⃣ Prolonged use of corticosteroids ✅
Explanation:
Prolonged use of corticosteroids: Corticosteroids suppress the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections like candidiasis. Long-term use can disrupt the balance of normal flora, allowing Candida to overgrow
Method for diagnosing microsporia?
1. bacteriological
2. serological
3. immunological
4. determination of Nikolsky’s symptom
Microsporia, commonly known as ringworm, is a fungal skin infection caused by dermatophytes, particularly Microsporum species. Diagnosing microsporia involves several methods:
Correct Answer: 1️⃣ Bacteriological ✅
Explanation:
Bacteriological Examination: This method involves culturing skin scrapings or hair samples on specific media to identify the causative fungus. It allows for the isolation and identification of the Microsporum species responsible for the infection.
Deep trichophytosis of the scalp should be differentiated from:
1. pediculosis
2. lichen planus
3. Rosa lichen Gibert
4. discoid lupus erythematosus
Deep trichophytosis of the scalp, also known as kerion, is an acute inflammatory response to a fungal infection of the hair follicles, often caused by dermatophytes like Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, and Microsporum canis.
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Correct Answer: 4️⃣ Discoid lupus erythematosus ✅
Explanation:
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE): DLE is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes scarring, hair loss, and skin changes, particularly on the scalp. Its presentation can mimic deep trichophytosis, making differentiation essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
. A patient after solar pingmentation, which appeared after the summer season, had multiple hypopigmented spots of various shapes and sizes on the trunk. There are single spots of yellowish-brown color with peeling. Balzser’s test is positive. Diagnosis?
1. vitiligo
2. candidiasis
3. seborrheic eczema
4. pityriasis versicolor
The patient’s presentation—multiple hypopigmented spots of various shapes and sizes on the trunk, with single yellowish-brown spots exhibiting peeling, and a positive Balzer’s test—suggests a diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor.
Frequent localization of candidiasis?
1. skin folds
2. nails
3. the extensor surfaces of the limbs
4. palms, soles
Correct Answer: 1️⃣ Skin folds ✅
Explanation:
Skin Folds: The most frequent sites for cutaneous candidiasis are areas where skin surfaces are in close contact, creating a warm and moist environment conducive to fungal growth. These areas include:
Underarms
Groin
Under the breasts
Between the buttocks
Between the fingers and toes
Superficial form of streptoderma:
1. vulgar ecthyma
2. ostiofolliculitis
3. carbuncle
4. bullous impetigo
Streptoderma, also known as streptococcal skin infection, is a bacterial skin infection caused by Streptococcus species. It manifests in two primary forms: superficial and deep.
Correct Answer: 4️⃣ Bullous impetigo ✅
Explanation:
Superficial Streptoderma: The superficial form is known as streptococcal impetigo. It presents with purulent bubbles that quickly rupture, leaving no cosmetic defects.
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Deep Streptoderma: The deep form is called ecthyma, characterized by large, ulcerated lesions covered with a dense crust.
. In what form of staphyloderma is clothing friction the main predisposing factor?
1. bubble impetigo
2. vesiculopustulosis
3. pemphigus of newborns
4. furunculosis
Frictional dermatoses are skin conditions primarily caused by repeated friction, often exacerbated by clothing. Among the options provided, vesiculopustulosis is the form of staphyloderma most commonly associated with clothing friction.
Correct Answer: 2️⃣ Vesiculopustulosis ✅
Explanation:
Vesiculopustulosis: This condition presents as small, fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) and pus-filled lesions (pustules) on the skin. It often occurs in areas where clothing causes repeated friction, leading to skin irritation and subsequent infection. The friction from clothing can damage the skin’s protective barrier, making it more susceptible to bacterial invasion
Staphylococcal pyoderma include:
1. vulgar ecthyma
2. furunculosis
3. bubble impetigo
4. lichen simplex
Furunculosis: This condition involves the formation of boils, which are deep, painful, pus-filled infections of hair follicles. Furunculosis is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and is considered a form of staphylococcal pyoderma.
. Treatment of patients with furunculosis includes medications:
1. antifungal
2. antibiotic
3. hydroxychloroquine
4. antiviral drugs
antibiotics
staphylococcus bacterial infection
State which clinical feature is characteristic of streptoloderma:
1. pustules on palms and soles
2. Pustules bounded by hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands
3.soft, flabby pustule cover
4.dense cover of pustules
soft, flabby pustule cover
Specify among the following the superficial form of staphyloderma:
1. furuncle
2. ostiofolliculitis
3. hydradenitis
4. none of the above
ostiofolliculitis
The appointment of a systemic antibiotic is necessary:
1. Single folliculitis
2. Single ostiofolliculitis
3. furuncle on the face
4. furuncle on the back
furuncle on the face
. Deep form of streptoderma:
1. вubble epidemic of newborns
2. bubble impetigo
3. folliculitis
4. ecthyma vulgaris
Ecthyma vulgaris
Factor of natural skin resistance to pyococci?
1. dry skin
2. mildly acidic environment of the skin surface
3. oily skin
4. wet skin
Mildly acidic environment of the skin surface
Why? The skin’s acidic pH protects against bacterial infections.
Key Point: Acidic skin = natural defense.
