exam paper 1: section a: reading non-fiction

Question 1

alterity

Answer 1

the state if being other, or different; otherness

Question 2

nuanced

Answer 2

characterised by subtely or shades of meaning

Question 3

polemic

Answer 3

a strong verbal or written cirticism which seeks to undermine the opposite position in a controversial debate

Question 4

polyphony

Answer 4

an array of sounds (or voices) that are each as strong as eachother

Question 5

hegemony

Answer 5

a group of people in a position of power or dominance.

Question 6

western canon

Answer 6

the body of art, literature and music valued in the west.

Question 7

metanarrative

Answer 7

a narrative account that experiments with or exlpores the idea of storytelling, often by drawing attention to itself

Question 8

synthetic personalisation

Answer 8

addressing audiences as though they were individuals

Question 9

epiphany

Answer 9

a sudden moment of realisation or revelation

Question 10

lambast

Answer 10

criticize something harshly

Question 11

how does morris use structure in the title of ‘Explorers or boys messing about? Either way,
taxpayer gets rescue bill’

Answer 11

it encapsulates the tone of the piece: unlike other
more objective accounts of the incident published elsewhere, there is a scathing
sarcasm in the rhetorical question which infantilises [makes them out to be children]
the two men.
it also quotes brook’s wife, and the minister of defence

Question 12

what type of structure does article, ‘Explorers or boys messing about? Either way,
taxpayer gets rescue bill’ have

Answer 12

non-linear

Question 13

passive case def

Answer 13

putting the object first in the sentence

Question 14

example of the passive case in ‘Explorers or boys messing about? Either way,
taxpayer gets rescue bill’,

Answer 14

‘there was also some confusion about what exactly the men were trying to achieve

Question 15

example of ironic distance in explorers or boys

Answer 15

’ ‘trusty helicopter’ ‘ - line 18

Question 16

pejorative def

Answer 16

used as an insult

Question 17

give three things of brooks’ wife

Answer 17

she gives the title of the text, she is referred to in the last line and they spent their honeymoon flying from alaska to chile

Question 18

describe the title in the danger of a single story

Answer 18

‘danger’ foreshadows main argument in a cautionary tone, the danger of one narrative can lead to a cultural misunderstanding

Question 19

danger of a single story: personal pronouns to plural

Answer 19

trying to create a sense of unity, inspiring, inclusive.

synthetic personalisation

Question 20

danger of a single story: rhetorical devices

Answer 20

ethos, pathos, logos, persuasive and informative

Question 21

how does adichie use ethos

Answer 21

to establish credibility and be modest or honest

Question 22

antithesis def

Answer 22

a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.

Question 23

purpose of listing in danger of a single story

Answer 23

monotony, uninspiring

Question 24

how does adichie use juxtaposition

Answer 24

to highlight the difference between her and the characters

Question 25

how does adichie use pathos

Answer 25

humour “finish your food! dont you know? people like fide’s family have nothing.”

Question 26

logos

Answer 26

shared experience

Question 27

pathos

Answer 27

invoking pity

Question 28

ethos

Answer 28

atmosphere, philosophy, ideaology

Question 29

why does adichie include her own anecdotes and analogies

Answer 29

to show everyone can follow the narrative, and make those mistakes. she is trying to acoid being accusational/vindicative/patronizing and include herself

Question 30

anaphora def

Answer 30

rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses

Question 31

where does adichie use parallel structures

Answer 31

“no possibility of Africans being similar to her in any way, no possibiliy of feelings more complex than pity, no possibility of a connection as human equals.”

Question 32

“stories can break the diginity of a people, but they can also repair that broken dignity”

Answer 32

juxtaposition

antithesis

Question 33

stories can be empowering

theme

Answer 33

juxtaposition of great possibilites (line 75-77)
contrast - “paradise”
optimistic tone
collective pronouns
use of colon (line 27) to emphasise the importance that African stories saved adichie.

Question 34

sterotyping is dangerous theme

Answer 34

cautionary tone ‘the danger’
juxtaposition and antithesis of stories and realities
repition of “over and over”
parallel structure “a single story of catastophe”

Question 35

all guilty of sterotyping theme

Answer 35

collective pronoun ‘we’
language choice, “unintended”, and “well-meaning”, empathetic tone
personal anecdotes
ethos - self critique establishes credibility

Question 36

how does alagiah remind us and keep us intriegued

Answer 36

by hinting and reminding us of the face, three times.

Question 37

what are the purpose of line 3-32

Answer 37

establishing context

Question 38

why does alagiah use written indtructions to describe the remoteness

Answer 38

emphasises the lack of map, uniqueness of this report and story as comapred to others

Question 39

apologia def

Answer 39

formal written defence of one’s opinions or conduct.

Question 40

apathetic def

Answer 40

showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

Question 41

how does alagiah use tricolons

Answer 41

“simple, frictionless, motionless”

for emphasis of the death being commonplace

Question 42

deontic mood def

Answer 42

what ought to be

Question 43

example of parallesim in passage to africa

Answer 43

“it was rotting; she was rotting”

Question 44

effect of the one sentence reminder of the face

Answer 44

it keeps the reader interested, why doesnt he go into more depth like he did with the others.

Question 45

describe how alagiah feels in the feeding centre

Answer 45

pity and revulsion, the conflict of emotions. we would probably react the same way, so this gives him credibility

Question 46

describe the effect of the disjointed sentece strucutre when alagiah describes the face

Answer 46

it shows his altered mindset, and complex degree of embarrassment. (internal conflict of journalist)

Question 47

rhetorical quesiton in passage to africa

Answer 47

“how should i feel to be standing there so strong and confident” invokes guilt and encourages the reader to reflect

Question 48

internal rhyme in passage to africa

Answer 48

“fleeting meeting”, shows the swift connection

Question 49

effect of parallelisms used in passage to africa

Answer 49

shows his attempt to remain detattched as he feels that is the professional thing to do

Question 50

“and then it clicked”

Answer 50

shows clarity and lepihany

Question 51

what ‘fact of life’/journalist ideology/relationshop with subject does alagiah rethink?

Answer 51

“the journalist observes, the subject is observed. the journalist is active, the subject is passive.”

Question 52

what does alagiah resolve to do

Answer 52

be more active and interact with the subjects

Question 53

why does alagiah consider the man his friend

Answer 53

because he taught him something

Question 54

explain “so my nameless friend, if you are still alive, i owe you one”

Answer 54

nameless friend: oxymoron
if you are still alive: emphasises desperation of war/ weakness and failure of the report, and is a reminder that death is commonplace whilst life is precious and rare
i owe you one: reverses usual basis of relationship as journalists belive they are providing a service

Question 55

how does alagiah describe journalists

Answer 55

“ghoulish manner”

like you enjoy dark/sinister things, newsworthy journalists feed off death

Question 56

where is passage to africa set

Answer 56

village in somalia

Question 57

“pictures that stun the editors one day are written off as the same old stuff the next.”

Answer 57

reflects the media industry.
dismissive, dehumanizes the subjects of these images
the same quality ceases to be satisfying, need more - addictive
desensitised, greedy

Question 58

describe the title “chinese cinderella”

Answer 58

connotations of neglect, foreshadows the rest of the story

Question 59

describe the opening few sentences in chinese cinderella

Answer 59

"should have had" implies the opposite
"and left there." unusual, abandonment
"despised by her..." negative diction
"autobiography" personal experience
"went home" makes it seem unordinary

Question 60

use of pathetic fallacy in chinese cinderella

Answer 60

“outside it was hot and there was wind blowing” increased tension = dread

Question 61

“the thought of leaving school throbbed at the back of my mind like a persistent toothache”

Answer 61

simile, painful thought

Question 62

why does adeline yen mah run downstairs so distressed

Answer 62

she was “wondering who had died this time”

Question 63

effect of the chaffeur picking up adeline

Answer 63

shows the disconenction from her family - “during the short drive home” also shows their lack of care for her

Question 64

“where are we?” I asked foolishly

Answer 64

shows her self-depreciation, and how its her first time there

Question 65

“perhaps the end of school forever”

Answer 65

conscious of time, melodramatic, likes school/hates home

Question 66

describe the biblical allusion

Answer 66

“holy of holies” increases the anticipation and irregularity

Question 67

does the chaffeur treat her nciely

Answer 67

no wierd beacuase she is the daughter of his employer so her father must not care.

Question 68

does adeline go to boarding school for practicality

Answer 68

no its a short drive home

Question 69

“summoned by father”

Answer 69

increases formality, anticipation and reinforces god-like hierachy

Question 70

does adeline have a good relationship with father

Answer 70

no, lots of distrust and fear “dare i let my guard down?”

Question 71

whats wierd about “is the winner adeline jun-ling yen related to you?”

Answer 71

theyre friends but he doesnt know his daughters name

Question 72

does adeline believe she has won at first

Answer 72

no, “is it possible? am i dreaming? me, the winner?” it shows her disbelief and doubt in her abilities

Question 73

“for once”

Answer 73

adverbial

Question 74

metaphor that shows the effect of her fathers pride

Answer 74

“i only had to stretch out my hand to reach the stars”

Question 75

does her father approve of her self depreciatiopn

Answer 75

yes he encourages it

Question 76

describe adelines reaction at the possibliy of uni abroad

Answer 76

disbelief, so happy to leave and study whatver, desire to leave hong kong

Question 77

is her father encouraging of wriitng

Answer 77

no, he is belittling and implies she is emotionally unintelligent

Question 78

what does her father want her to do

Answer 78

medicine, become an obstetrics because “women will always be having babies. women patients prefer women doctors”.

Question 79

does he kindly suggest medicine

Answer 79

no he repeats a list of modal verbs, he is very commanding

Question 80

“dont you agree”

Answer 80

leading quesiton, closed

Question 81

what is the art of diplomacy

Answer 81

conversation

Question 82

why is the ending of chinese cinderella ironic

Answer 82

she is over the moon but hasnt gotten what she really wants

Question 83

structure in chinese cinderella

Answer 83

hyperbole, rhetorical questions, adverbs