Exam One Study Guide: Chapters 1 - 4

Question 1

Know the three major thrusts of social work

Answer 1

1) social workers can help people solve their problems and cope with their situations; 2) social workers can work with systems so that people can have better access to resources they need; 3) social workers can “link people with systems” so clients themselves can have access to opportunities and resources.

Question 2

Define assessment

Answer 2

involves gathering information about the client’s situation using appropriate social work knowledge and theory with a focus on strengths-based assessment to develop a plan that involves all the relevant parties and levels.

Question 3

Define oppression

Answer 3

involves putting unfair and extreme limitations and constraints on members of an identified group

Question 4

Define discrimination

Answer 4

the act of treating people differently because they belong to some group, rather than on meri

Question 5

Define prejudice

Answer 5

an opinion about an individual, group or phenomenon that is developed without proof or systematic evidence

Question 6

Know the six basic ethical principles in the NASW Code of Ethics

Answer 6

1) social workers’ primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems; 2) social workers challenge social injustice; 3) social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person; 4) social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships; 5) social workers behave in a trustworthy manner; and 6) social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise.

Question 7

Define system

Answer 7

a set of elements that are orderly and interrelated to make a functional whole

Question 8

Define role

Answer 8

the culturally established and social behavior and conduct expected of a person in any designated interpersonal relationship

Question 9

Know the difference between mezzo, micro & macro systems

Answer 9

micro system refers to an individual and enhancing that person’s functioning; mezzo system refers to any small group, including family, work groups and other social groups; macro system refers to a system larger than a small group and strives to improve the social and economic context and which people live.

Question 10

Define zygote

Answer 10

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes

Question 11

Define cilia

Answer 11

tiny hair like extensions

Question 12

Define fimbriae

Answer 12

fingerlike projections at the end of the Fallopian tube that draw the egg into the tube

Question 13

Define toxemia

Answer 13

also called preeclampsia and is known as an abnormal condition involving a form of blood poisoning that results in rapid weight gain, fluid retention, hypertension and protein in the urine

Question 14

Know the different forms of birth presentation

Answer 14

a vertex presentation is considered the normal birth position and most often requires no assistance with instruments; a breech presentation is a position of fetus in which the feet or buttocks appear first during birth; and finally, a transverse presentation is when the baby lies crossways in the uterus.

Question 15

Know the maximum Apgar score possible

Answer 15

10

Question 16

Define proximodorsal development

Answer 16

refers to the tendency to develop aspects of the body trunk first and then later master manipulation of the body extremities (e.g., first the arms and then the hands).

Question 17

Common development examples for children ages four months to eleven years

Answer 17

four months: balance their head at a 90 degree angle; eight months: able to sit alone without being supported; one year: most babies can crawl well, which makes them highly mobile; eighteen months: a baby can walk; two years: children can walk and run quite well; three years: children can walk well and also run at a steady gait; four years: very active physically (enjoy running skipping, jumping, etc.); five years: quieter and less active than four year olds with activities being more complicated and aimed at one goal; six-eight years: physically independent so they can run, jump and balance well; nine-eleven years: children continue to refine and develop their coordination and motor skills.

Question 18

Be familiar with court cases related to abortion

Answer 18

Harris v. McRae - court confirmed that both Congress and individual states could legally refuse to pay for abortions;

Question 19

Know about embryonic stem cell research

Answer 19

an ongoing controversial issue related to abortion involves the use of fetal tissue (stem cells) for health research and treatment; embryonic stem cells are cells taken from a three-five-day old embryo that has been developed during an in vitro (Latin for ‘in glass’) fertilization process.

Question 20

Define vacuum aspiration

Answer 20

a procedure used up to sixteen weeks after a missed period: cervical entrance is enlarged, and the contents of the uterus are evacuated through a suction tube.

Question 21

Define projection

Answer 21

a mechanism through which a person unconsciously attributes his or her own unacceptable ideas or impulses to another.

Question 22

Know what Neo-Freudian theorists are also referred to as

Answer 22

ego psychologists

Question 23

How did Eric Fromm use psychoanalysis?

Answer 23

as a tool for understanding various social and historical processes and the behavior of political leaders.

Question 24

Be familiar with the elimination of false dichotomies

Answer 24

states that people should critically evaluate the way thought and behavioral expectations are structured within the culture.

Question 25

Study the Evaluation of Theory

Answer 25

a) evaluate the theory’s application to client situations; b) evaluate the research supporting the theory; c) evaluate the extent to which the theory coincides with social work values and ethics; and d) evaluate the existence and validity of other comparable theories.

Question 26

Review how human diversity relates to psychological theories, especially related to other cultures

Answer 26

worldview perspective which concerns people’s perceptions of the world around them and how they fit into that world.

Question 27

Define assimilation

Answer 27

refers to the taking in of new information and the resulting integration into the schema or structure of thought.

Question 28

Be familiar with Piaget’s Sensorimotor period

Answer 28

extends from birth to approximately two years of age; at this time, a child progress from simple thoughtless reflex reactions to a basic understanding of the environment.

Question 29

Define centration

Answer 29

refers to a child’s tendency to concentrate on only one detail of an object or situation and ignore all other aspects.

Question 30

Know Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development

Answer 30

the difference between what a learner can accomplish independently and what he or she can accomplish with the guidance and encouragement of a more skilled partner.

Question 31

. What age does true attachment take place?

Answer 31

8 - 18 months

Question 32

Define anxious-resistant attachment

Answer 32

this style will typically explore little and is often wary of strangers, even when the caregiver is present; when the caregiver departs, the child is often highly distressed and generally ambivalent when they return

Question 33

Define crystallized intelligence

Answer 33

includes intellectual abilities that emphasize verbal communication and involve the ability to learn from others in the social environment through education and interaction.

Question 34

What is the average Wechsler intelligence test score?

Answer 34

100

Question 35

. Be familiar with what is used to define intellectual disabilities

Answer 35

areas of giftedness might include analytic (the ability to carefully analyze a problem or issue dissect it and understand it - a quality measured by traditional intelligence tests); synthetic - (the ability to be insightful, creative, perceptive and imaginative - qualities often manifested by people excelling in the arts and sciences); and practical - (the ability to function exceptionally well in daily life experiences and situations - a quality often demonstrated by people with flourishing careers).

Question 36

What is the IQ range for the severe category of intellectual disability?

Answer 36

IQ of 20-25 to 35-40

Question 37

Define normalization

Answer 37

arranging the environmental context for people with intellectual disabilities so that it is as “normal” as possible.

Question 38

Know characteristics of Autistic spectrum disorders

Answer 38

people with Autism Spectrum Disorders typically demonstrate intense inner-directedness and a number of other symptoms that include difficulties in social skills; lack of normal emotional reactions to others; have trouble talking about their own feelings or being aware of other people’s feelings; avoid eye contact and being physically touched; frequently demonstrate sensory distortion such as overreacting to noise; and they may engage in repetitive, self-stimulating movements like hand-clapping or rocking back and forth.

Question 39

Be familiar with the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act [P.L.94-142]

Answer 39

renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act in 2004 and has very unique qualities: first - it covers youths through the age of twenty-one or until high school graduation, whichever comes first; second - it mandates public support of substantial services placing financial and service responsibility on states and schools; third - it mandates substantial involvement in both individuals with disabilities and their families; fourth - IDEA is entitling legislation: not only are people eligible for services, but schools and states are responsible for providing services.

Question 40

Define socialization

Answer 40

the process whereby children acquire knowledge about the language values, etiquette, rules, behaviors, social expectation and all the subtle complex bits of information necessary to get along and strive in a particular society.

Question 41

Define output

Answer 41

the energy, information or communication emitted from a system to the environment or to other systems

Question 42

Define input

Answer 42

the energy, information or communication flow received from other systems

Question 43

Define entropy

Answer 43

the natural tendency of a system to progress toward disorganization, depletion and in essence, death

Question 44

Define negative entropy

Answer 44

the process of a system moving toward growth and development

Question 45

Define equifinality

Answer 45

refers to the idea that there are many different means to the same

Question 46

Define differentiation

Answer 46

is a system’s tendency to move from a more simplified to a more complex existence.

Question 47

Define negative reinforcement

Answer 47

the removal of a negative event or consequence that serves to increase the frequency of a behavior.

Question 48

Define extinction

Answer 48

the process whereby reinforcement for a behavior stops, resulting in the eventual decrease in frequency and possible eradication of that behavior.

Question 49

Be familiar with specificity

Answer 49

the quality of belonging or relating uniquely to a particular subject.