exam one prob remembering Flashcards
Lamness in cattle is going to be where they weight bear more in the front limb it’s______ and in the hind limb it’s ______
forelimb it’s the medial digit
hindlimb it’s the lateral digit
When looking at lameness in cows what are you watching for?
the slope of their back
White line dz what are you going to see?
black or red across the white line
Black = follow
red = leave alone
how are you going to treat white line dz
you need to knife down until normal tissue also put a block on the undamaged claw
when do you hoof trim a cow what are the measurements?
every 6m 3inch and 5-7mm in the sole
Verticle fissures happen most commonly in what cows?
beef cows
older with high BCS
verticle fissures need to be treated why?
they can become infected
infected= pare it and drain
proud flesh depbride and open
Laminitis in cows differs from horse in that?
They have a crossed stance and happens more often in the MEDIAL digits
What do you do to treat laminitis in cows?
decrease the carbs in the diet (or the rumen will get used to it)
pain manage
What is corn? what causes it? who gets it the most?
corn is hyperplasia in between the digits happens due to unsanitary conditions more commonly in MALES
How do you treat corn?
hoof trim and surgically remove it
when bandaging what do you want to make sure you do with the tourniquet
Put the bandage on BEFORE you take the tourniquet off
what is the papillomatous digital dermatitis? who gets it? What do we think causes it
hairy foot wart
DIARY cows
TREPONEMA
how are you going to TX papillomatous digital dermaitis
tetracycline
foot bath
Solar ulcers are what?
most commonly indicated by hemorrhage
damage to the horn forming tissue and underlying corium
How do you treat a solar ulcer
remove the margins and underneath also place a black on the good claw
What is a grade one Lameness in pony
difficult to observe and inconsistent
grade 2 lameness in pony
inconsistent lameness unless under certain circumstances
grade 3 lame
consistent lameness under ALL circumstances
grade 4 lame
consistent lameness and head bob
grade 5 lame
consistent lame and unwilling to bear weight
“fracture lame”
What is a peroneous tertious rupture present like? what is the treatment?
It is going to present like a toe drag
hock will extend while stifle is flexed
acutely extreme pain
treatment is stall rest for 2-3months
upward fixation of the patella look? what are you going to try before sx? what are the two sx?
not painful
try to go up and down hill to get quads stronger
sx is a medial patellar desmotomy and medial patellar ligament split
what is the stringhault abnormality?
exaggerated flexion
known as a mechanical lameness
TX lateral digital extensor tenotomy
what is the fibrotic myopathy
problem with semimembranous and semitendinosus
tx surgery and rehab
what is sweeny?
usually caused by trauma causes atrophy within a few days of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus m. but it is due to the suprascapular n.
Tx sx
What are your two flexion tests in the forelimb?
-distal limb flex
fetlock, capus, and pastern hold for 30sec
-proximal limb flex
testing the carpus hold for 60sec
what are the two flexion tests on the hind limb
-distal limb
same as the front
-spavein or proximal limb
problem is it is NOT hock specific hold for 90sec
what is the most distal nerve block you can perform?
Palmar digital n.
it will block the hoof, coffin joint, sole, heel and the distal part of the DDF
what is the abaxial n. bloack going to block
Everything distal to the fetlock
what is you low four point block going to block ?
it is going to block the lateral palmar metacarpal n. and the lateral palmar n.
what does the lateral palmar n. block
Suspensory ligament
what local anesthesia are you going to use to block a nerve?
mepivicane
if you take an xray for a lamness evaluation how many views?
4 MINIMUM
what is the average healing time after cryosx?
2.4 months
what are the temperatures and for how long for cryo to work?
-20 to -30 celsius for at least 30sec
what are the temperatures for hyperthermia to work?
50-60 degrees celcius for at least 30sec
what chemo drug was used in a study that showed a 96% success rate against sarcoids?
cisplatin
***if inhibits dna synthesis
what is the method of axn with xxterra?
changes the autogenicity of the sarcoid making the body attack it
what is the percentage of gray horses that will have a melanoma?
older than 15 more than 80% will have
if you have a melanoma on the tail what is the best way to anesthesize the area?
caudal epidural between C1 and C2
If the owner does not want to do sx what drug can be used to treat melanoma ?
cimetadine need to give 2.5mg/kg three times a day until regressed then 1.6mg/kg once a day
what about melanomas in cows?
dark cows are going to get it
can be congenital and can be seen when they are less than 2yrs of age
When would you use an H plasty?
When tumor resection was around skin with a lot of tension
when would you have the highest ddx of a sequestrum
non healing wound
a sequestrum is damage to the ____ of bone where as osteomyelitis is damage to the ____ of bone
sequestrum= cortex mild to NO lame osteomyelitis = medulary cavity *severe lame
when would you have a sequestrum and it would present with lameness?
at the very beginning when there is no cloaca or drainage and the pressure is built up amongst the soft tissues
what is the invulcrum?
area of lucent granulation tissue surrounding a sequestrum
How are you going to diagnose a sequestrum?
xray 10-14 days after
how do you treat a sequestrum
ONLY sx
post op care of sequestrum
abs 5 days
bandage 4wks
stall rest 6wks
