Exam One Nutrition132 Flashcards
The dietary refrence intake (DRI) are a set of four
Lists of values for measuring the nutrient intakes of healthy people.
- the EAR, RDA, AI, UL
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) is the
Average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a life stage/gender group.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA):
are intake
goals for individuals; average daily nutrient intake that meets the needs of nearly (97-98%) healthy people in a life stage/gender group; based on extensive scientific data.
Adequate Intake (AI) are nutrient intake goals for
individuals; the rencommended average daily nutrient intake level based on intakes of healthy people in a particular life stagte and gender gruop and assumed to be adequate.
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL):
is the highst average daily nutrient intake level that is likety to pose
no risk of toxicity to almost all healhty individuals of a particulare life stage and gender group
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR):
are values for
carbohydrate, fat, and protein expressed as percentages of total daily calorie intake; when in these ranges, daily intake should provide adequate energy and nutrients while reducing the risk of chronic disease
How much percent of calories are from carbs?
45-65%
How much percent of calories should come from fat?
20-35%
How much percent of calories should come from protien?
10-35%
Estimated energy requirement (EAR) the average dietary energy intake predicted
maintain body weight for an individual of a particular age, gender, height, weight and physical activity level consistent with good healthy.
Functional foods naturally contain
substances having biological activitiy in the body beyond those of the nutrients
The essential flavors include:
sweet sour bitter salty umami (savory)
The digestive tract’s main function is to
digest and absorb food
the digestive tract is made up of
the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
Mechanical digestion is the breaking down of food
particles by chewing, grinding, & mashing of food.
Chemical digestion is the breaking down of food at the
molecular level using chemical reactions.
What are enzymes?
Proteins that work as little machines to perform specific chemical reactions.
In chemical digestion what does the process of the food in the mouth create?
A bolus of food
In chemical digestion what does the process of the food in the stomach create?
the end product of grinding/mashing food is chym
what is chym?
a fluid resulting from the actions of the stomach after a meal.
What is peristalsis?
wave like movements of muscle squeezing of the esophagus, stomach & small intestine that pushes their contents along
what are gastric juices?
The digestive secretion of the stomach
-they are acidic
What is bile?
a cholesterol-containing digestive fluid made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine when needed.
Pacreatic juice is the fluid secreted by the
pacreas that contains both enzymes to digest carbs, fats, and proteins & sodium bicarbonate, a neutralizing agent.
