Exam one (male) Flashcards
Every adolescent/adult male should do a self exam how often?
monthly
What can a male self exam detect?
detect tumors, detect disease, or infections
What is the most common cancer amongst young men?
testicular cancer
When is the best time to do a male self exam?
while bathing (warmth)
Educate your patients about signs and symptoms of an STI. What are they?
reddened urethral meatus, swollen lymph nodes, pain/burning with urinations, discharge from penis (gonorrhea), lesions, sores, bumps, discoloration on penis (varies depending on STI), pain or itching on penis (herpes possibly)
What are the curable STIs?
gonorrhea, syphilis and chlamydia (CGs)
What are the three most common STIs?
HPV, herpes, chlamydia
What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?
> 50 years old, Gardner syndrome, Ashkenazi Jewish decent, diet high in beef and animal fast and low in fiber
What is the most common sexually transmitted infection?
HPV
What are genital warts cause by HPV called?
condyloma acuminata
These are soft, painless warty-like lesions on the penis.
condyloma acuminata
Where are the common places to find condyloma acuminata?
prepuce, glans, shaft and within the urethra
Transmission of genital herpes are more like to occur from what type of partners?
infected male to a female partner
Genital herpes are more common in men or women?
women
This STI may present as a flu with initial infection.
genital herpes
Most frequently reported bacterial STI
chlamydia
What are the indications of chlamydia?
urethritis, watery urethral discharge, just a bit of crusty-ness
Is chlamydia curable?
yes with antibiotics
Temperature is a lifestyle factor that could increase temperature of the scrotum. Would a vericocele increase the temperature?
yes
Which STI usually presents as asymptomatic in men?
gonorrhea
What could be possible indications of gonorrhea in men?
urethritis and dysuria, white, yellow or green urethral discharge
What could possibly cause premature delivery or even stillbirth, cataracts, deafness, seizures or death?
congenital syphilis
How would someone get primary syphilis? (syphilitic chancre)
direct contact with a syphilitic sore
How long would it take for a lesion of primary syphilis to occur?
2-3 weeks after exposure
How long does a chancre (painless) last and how is it healed?
3-6 weeks it heals on its own
Secondary syphilis occurs if primary is not treated, what are the indications of it?
skin rashes and/or mucous membrane lesions
When do skin rashes of syphilis appear in regards to when the chancre appears?
skin rashes can appear from when the chancre is healing to several weeks after it is healed
Where does a secondary syphilis rash appear?
palms and bottoms of the feet
What does a secondary syphilis rash look like?
raised, gray or white lesion
How to symptoms of secondary syphilis go away?
on their own
How long can the latent stage of syphilis last? (late stages)
years
How many people develop late stage syphilis?
about 15% of people who were not treated
How long after syphilis was exposed to a patient can the latent stage appear?
10-30 years after
What are the symptoms of latent stage syphilis?
difficulty coordinating movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia
What is the initial diagnostic testosterone test called?
morning total testosterone
What is the goal of testosterone therapy?
to induce and maintain secondary sex characteristics and improve sexual function, sense of well-being, muscle and strength, and bone mineral density
What are the major contraindications of testosterone therapy?
heatocrit >50% and sleep apnea
How can you naturally increase testosterone?
get enough sleep, maintain healthy weight, low glycemic diet, exercise, decrease stress (cortisol may block testosterone)
If a patient has feels constipated but they have an empty bladder, what would you probably diagnose?
Hirschprung disease
When would you do an adolescent rectal exam?
when there are symptoms related to the lower intestinal tract (make sure if this is their first exam, thoroughly explain to them what will take place-use models)
Fecal impactions and polyps are common in what age range?
older adults
Difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection may be associated with?
alcohol and medications
What medications would cause a problem in achieving and maintaining an erection?
diuretics, sedatives, antihypertensive agents, anxiolytics, estrogens, inhibitors of androgen synthesis, antidepressants, cabazepine, erectile dysfunction agents
What would increase ones likelihood of curvature of the penis in any direction with erection?
family history of the condition
What kind of cysts are usually a congenital anomaly?
pilonidal cysts
What kind of cyst is formed when loose hairs penetrate the skin in the sacroccygeal region?
pilonidal cysts
What is the diagnosis of a pilonidal cyst?
usually asymptomatic
What does a pilonidal cyst appear like?
as a dimple with a sinus tract opening
What kind of STI causes anal warts?
HPV infection
What is the MC squamous cell carcinoma associated with HPV?
anal carcinoma
How might anal carcinoma appear?
raised erythematous mucosa, white scaling mucosa, pigmented mucosa, mucosal ulceration, verrucous lesion
What is a major risk factor for anal cancer?
anal fistulas
What is the diagnosis for an infection of soft tissue surrounding the anal canal with formation of discrete abscess cavity?
perianal abscess
What is an infection of mucus-secreting anal glands?
perirectal abscess
Perirectal abscesses are usually polymicrobial. T/F
true
