Exam One Flashcards
To assess a mother’s risk of having a low-birth-weight (LBW) infant, the most important factor for the nurse to consider is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. African-American race B. Cigarette smoking C. Poor nutritional status D. Limited maternal education
A. African-American race
Identify the four requirements of informed consent.
- Patient’s competence to consent
- Full disclosure of information
- Patient’s understanding of information
- Patient’s voluntary consent
What was identified in the chapter as a societal issue that affects maternity and pediatric nursing?
A. Fewer children are living in poverty
B. Violence in schools has decreased
C. Families are the fastest growing group of homeless people
D. The number of uninsured American children has decreased
C. Families are the fastest growing group of homeless people
A practice model that uses a systematic approach to identify specific patients and manage patient care is: A. Case management B. The nursing process C. A clinical pathway D. A health maintenance organization
A. Case management
Which statement about family-centered maternity care is correct?
A. Family-centered care decreases the responsibility of maternity nurses.
B. Although the settings have changed, childbirth is still viewed as a medical event.
C. Care is adapted to meet the physical and psychological needs of the family.
D. Maternal-infant bonding is the primary focus of family-centered care.
C. Care is adapted to meet the physical and psychological needs of the family.
What is the leading cause of death in children ages 1 to 19 years?
Unintentional Injury
The nurse is establishing several health programs such as bicycle safety to improve the health status of the target population. Which step in the community nursing process is this? A. Planning B. Evaluation C. Assessment D. Implementation
D. Implementation
Your friend says she is not sure she wants a doctor to deliver her second baby because she believes doctors are too busy to talk with her when she has check-ups. The best alternative professional for you to suggest is the: A. Maternity nurse practitioner B. Certified nurse-midwife C. Lay midwife D. Clinical nurse specialist
B. Certified nurse-midwife
A primary difference between social and therapeutic communications is that therapeutic communication is:
A. Designed to obtain information in a minimum amount of time.
B. The only appropriate professional communication
C. Focused on achieving a relevant goal for the patient
D. Limited to the information necessary for safe care.
C. Focused on achieving a relevant goal for the patient
A pregnant woman tells the nurse, “I am so confused. My husband wants me to have my tubes tied after the baby comes, but what if something happens to the baby?” The nurse replies, “You are afraid of having permanent contraception before you know if your baby is well.” The nurse’s response is an example of: A. Directing B. Paraphrasing C. Summarizing D. Pinpointing
B. Paraphrasing
When discussing discipline with the mother of a 4-year-old child, the nurse should include which of the following?
A. Children as young as 4 years old rarely need to be punished.
B. Parental control should be consistent.
C. Withdrawal of love and approval is effective at this age.
D. One should expect rules to be followed rigidly and unquestioningly.
B. Parental control should be consistent.
A Muslim woman is admitted to the postpartum unit after delivering a baby girl. Considering the cultural needs of this patient, what should be included in her plan of care?
A. Inclusion of meat with every meal
B. Having only female nurses care for the patient
C. Not putting ice in the bedside water pitcher
D. Assessment for herbal use
B. Having only female nurses care for the patient
The purpose of discipline is to:
A. Teach a child how to effectively function in a society
B. Establish the self-fulfilling prophecy
C. Assert parental control over the child
D. Transmit the family’s culture
A. Teach a child how to effectively function in a society
An example of a family that is classified as high risk is a (an): A. Traditional family B. Single-parent family C. Adoptive family D. Family headed by adolescents
D. Family headed by adolescents
A nurse reacts with anger because a woman who did not have prenatal care explains that she does not see pregnancy as an illness requiring medical care. The nurse’s reaction demonstrates: A. Cultural diversity B. Ethnicity C. Ethnocentrism D. Fatalism
C. Ethnocentrism
A mother tells the nurse that she puts her 3-year old son in a time-out chair in a corner for 3 minutes when he misbehaves. She asks the nurse if this is correct. The nurse’s best response is?
A. “You are correctly using the time-out.”
B. “You should put the time-out chair in the center of family activity.”
C. “I would increase the time-out to 5 minutes.”
D. “Do you talk about the misbehavior while he is in the chair?”
A. “You are correctly using the time-out.”
A statement that uses effective reasoning techniques is:
A. “You are not being very nice when you throw toys at your friend.”
B. “I would not throw that toy if I were you.”
C. “I feel embarrassed when you throw toys at someone.”
D. “I will not let you play at your friend’s house if you throw toys.”
A. “You are not being very nice when you throw toys at your friend.”
Which approach would be best to use to ensure a positive response from a toddler?
A. Assume an eye-level position and talk quietly.
B. Call the toddler’s name while picking him or her up.
C. Call the toddler’s name and say, “I’m your nurse.”
D. Stand by the toddler, addressing him or her by name.
A. Assume an eye-level position and talk quietly.
A 5 year old is scheduled for a computed tomography scan of her head. What is the best time for her mother to initiate a discussion about the procedure?
A. Immediately before the procedure begins
B. Two hours before the procedure
C. The day before the procedure
D. A few days before the procedure
B. Two hours before the procedure
Which nursing action indicates that the nurse understands the components of effective communication?
A. The nurse stands right next to the chair where the child is seated.
B. The nurse asks an adolescent whether she can give her a hug
C. The nurse speaks to a child who is aphonic in a loud, clear voice
D. The nurse talks with her arms folded across her chest
B. The nurse asks an adolescent whether she can give her a hug
An adolescent tells the nurse, “I don’t like this hospital room.” An active listening response to this child’s statement is:
A. “Don’t’ you know this is the best room in the house?”
B. “Let me see whether there are any other rooms available.”
C. “What’s wrong with this room?”
D. “So would you prefer a different room?”
D. “So would you prefer a different room?”
A child with a hearing impairment needs to have an arm cast. What can the nurse do to facilitate communication with the child throughout the cast application process?
A. Face the child when speaking
B. Speak at a slower pace than usual
C. Talk clearly and directly into the child’s ear
D. Keep gestures to a minimum
A. Face the child when speaking
Which example describes how a nurse can display an open body posture?
A. Speaking to a child with head bowed
B. Frequently shifting weight from one leg to the other while speaking
C. Leaning away from the child while talking
D. Talking while the hands are freely moving
D. Talking while the hands are freely moving
A child has just been diagnosed with diabetes. The child’s father tells the nurse, “My wife will be back in the morning. Before she left, she told me that she has a lot of questions about what to do.” What is the most appropriate response for the nurse to make at this time?
A. “You will be meeting with the clinical specialist tomorrow. Ask her tomorrow.”
B. “Did the clinical specialist give you any papers to read? If not, I’ll get a pamphlet for you.”
C. “Your wife might want to write down her questions so she won’t forget anything when she comes back tomorrow.”
D. “Why don’t you tell me what information you received from the clinical specialist today?”
C. “Your wife might want to write down her questions so she won’t forget anything when she comes back tomorrow.”
A father tells the nurse that his child is “filling up the house with collections” like seashells, bottle caps, baseball cards, and pennies. The nurse should recognize that the child is developing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Object permanence B. Preoperational thinking C. Concrete operational thinking D. The ability to use abstract symbols
C. Concrete operational thinking
Cephalocaudal development follows: A. The pattern of myelinization. B. The development of the bronchial tree. C. Language development. D. Neuromuscular development.
A. The pattern of myelinization.
An infant responds to an injection by crying and flailing the extremities, whereas a preschooler responds by rubbing the injection site. This is an example of what pattern of development? A. Cephalocaudal B. Proximodistal C. General to specific D. Simple to complex
C. General to specific
A child’s growth and development are affected by: A. Cultural background B. Heredity C. Socioeconomic status D. All of these
D. All of these
Which theorist described how children learn? A. Erikson B. Freud C. Kohlberg D. Piaget
D. Piaget
Teaching about safety to school-aged children should be geared toward their: A. Parents B. Chronologic age C. Cognitive level of development D. Ability to answer questions
C. Cognitive level of development
The secondary dietary source of energy is: A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins D. Vitamins
B. Fats
An adolescent who has been losing weight will record everything he eats for three days. This is an example of: A. An anthropometric measurement B. Cultural influences on diet C. Dietary guidelines D. A food diary
D. A food diary
Nurses can prevent childhood injuries by:
A. Modeling safety practices
B. Educating parents through anticipatory guidance
C. Supporting legislation that advocates safety measures
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
When children play board games, they learn that taking turns is rewarded and that cheating is not rewarded. This fosters their: A. Cognitive development B. Emotional development C. Moral development D. Physical development
C. Moral development
Newborns receive \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ immunity from their mothers. A. active B. passive C. humoral D. long-term
B. passive
According to Piaget, an infant who intentionally shakes a rattle to hear the sound is in what substage? A. Reflexive B. Primary circular reactions C. Secondary circular reactions D. Coordination of secondary schemata
C. Secondary circular reactions
An 11 month old infant enjoys picking up pieces of banana one by one with the thumb and index finger and throwing them on the floor. This is an example of: A. Egocentrism B. Pincer grasp C. Oral activity D. Reflexive activity
C. Oral activity
An infant should turn her eyes and head toward a sound coming from behind her at: A. Birth B. 4 months of age C. 6 months of age D. 10 months of age
B. 4 months of age
An infant will develop a sense of mistrust if he is:
A. Adopted
B. Hospitalized after birth
C. Consistently ignored
D. Sent to daycare before 2 months of age
C. Consistently ignored
Parent-infant attachment: A. Is critical for survival B. Is essential for normal development C. Involves the infant as an active participant in the process D. Is all of the above
D. Is all of the above
The parents of a 3-month-old infant with colic explains that because their daughter does not sleep through the night, they feel very frustrated. The nurse’s first action is to:
A. Provide information about normal sleep-wake cycles in a 3 month old infant
B. Suggest that they practice relaxation techniques
C. Assure them that they are not bad parents
D. Demonstrate how to soothe the infant
C. Assure them that they are not bad parents
A 30-year-old multiparous woman has a boy who is 2 1/2 years old and now an infant girl. She tells the nurse, “I don’t know how I’ll ever manage both children when I get home.” Which suggestion would best help this woman alleviate sibling rivalry?
A. Tell the older child that he is a big boy now and should love his new sister.
B. Let the older child stay with his grandparents for the first 6 weeks to allow him to adjust to the newborn.
C. Ask friends and relatives not to bring gifts to the older sibling because you do not want to spoil him.
D. Realize that the regression in habits and behaviors in the older child is a typical reaction and that he needs extra love and attention at this time.
D. Realize that the regression in habits and behaviors in the older child is a typical reaction and that he needs extra love and attention at this time.
Which statement indicates that the parents of a toddler need more information about toddler safety?
A. “We always put her in her car safety seat, even if we only drive down the street.”
B. “We never let her play outside alone.”
C. “We always put our cleaning supplies on the shelves above the sink.”
D. “One of us stays with her the entire time that she is in the bathtub.”
C. “We always put our cleaning supplies on the shelves above the sink.”
During a well child checkup, a father asks the nurse whether his 3 year old son, who weighs 31 lb, can use the car seatbelt instead of the child car safety seat. The nurse’s best response is:
A. “He’s old enough to use a shoulder harness and lap belt.”
B. “He should continue to use the car safety seat.”
C. “It’s time to switch to a booster seat.”
D. “He’ll be safest in a rear facing car safety seat.”
B. “He should continue to use the car safety seat.”
What provides a toddler with a sense of security? A. Animism B. Egocentrism C. Negativism D. Ritualism
D. Ritualism
Toddlers have temper tantrums because they:
A. Have limited language ability
B. Are not getting enough attention
C. Are unable to distinguish right from wrong
D. Have poor parent child attachments
B. Are not getting enough attention
During a well child checkup, the nurse notices that a toddlers teeth are brownish and speckled with white. The nurse suspects that the child: A. Does not brush her teeth B. Goes to sleep with a bottle of milk C. Eats too much candy D. Ingests too much fluoride
B. Goes to sleep with a bottle of milk
According to Erikson, preschoolers, who are encouraged to try new things and be creative will develop a sense of: A. Autonomy B. Initiative C. Industry D. Integrity
B. Initiative
A parent tells the nurse that she is worried because her preschooler has an imaginary friend. The nurse explains that:
A. The parent should consider enrolling in parenting classes
B. The child would probably benefit from going to daycare a few days a week.
C. Imaginary friends are not unusual during the preschool period.
D. The parent should try to spend more time with the child.
C. Imaginary friends are not unusual during the preschool period.
While a 5 year old is hospitalized for an appendectomy, he tells the nurse that he is in the hospital because he was bad. The nurse should;
A. Suspect child abuse and report it to the authorities
B. Question the parents about their discipline methods
C. Explain to the child why he is in the hospital
D. Ignore the comment
C. Explain to the child why he is in the hospital
A 3 year old walks out of the kitchen drinking a bottle of dishwashing liquid. After taking the bottle away from her, the parents should: A. Call 911 B. Induce vomiting C. Call a poison control center D. Give her 4 oz. of milk to drink
C. Call a poison control center
A hospitalized 5 year old thinks that the IV pole is a skinny monster that is going to tie her up. This is an example of: A. Animism B. Centration C. Hallucinatory delusions D. Magical thinking
A. Animism
Which action suggests that a 20 month old should not yet begin toilet training?
A. He says “Pee-pee” when his diaper is soiled
B. His mother is expecting a baby in 3 weeks
C. He is able to remove his pants
D. He can sit and walk well
B. His mother is expecting a baby in 3 weeks
Which action indicates that a 5 year old is ready for kindergarten?
A. The child can follow three part instructions
B. The child can wait and take turns
C. The child is able to independently go to the bathroom
D. All of these indicate readiness for school.
D. All of these indicate readiness for school.
Which statement is true regarding puberty?
A. Caucasian girls experience puberty earlier than African-American girls.
B. Boys experience puberty earlier than girls.
C. African-American girls experience puberty earlier than Caucasian girls.
D. Caucasian girls experience puberty earlier than all other nationalities.
C. African-American girls experience puberty earlier than Caucasian girls.
Sex education for the 9 year old child should include information about: A. Anatomy and physiology B. Bodily functions C. What to expect during puberty D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Children at an increased risk for dental caries include those who:
A. Wear braces
B. Do not wear mouth protectors during sports activities
C. Use smokeless tobacco
D. Do any of the above
D. Do any of the above
Parents should limit school age children’s daily television viewing time to: A. 1 hour B. 2 hours C. 3 hours D. 4 hours
B. 2 hours
An appropriate coach for a child’s basketball team:
A. Has a win at all costs philosophy
B. Is courteous to children, referees, and other coaches
C. Divides the children into teams based on age
D. Demonstrates all of the above
B. Is courteous to children, referees, and other coaches
An example of an activity that develops fine motor skills in the school-age child is: A. Rollerblading B. Playing the guitar C. Playing tag D. Swimming
B. Playing the guitar
An 8-year-old child typically:
A. Solves problems through random guessing
B. Comprehends historical time
C. Understands the conservation of mass
D. Cannot appreciate another person’s point of view
D. Cannot appreciate another person’s point of view
Healthy People 2020 objectives for school-age children include:
A. Increasing the proportion of children with disabilities who spend at least 40% of their time in regular education programs.
B. Reducing the proportion of children with mental health problems
C. Increasing the proportion of children older than 2 years who consume at least 30% of their calories from fat
D. Increasing the proportion of children who receive dental sealants on their molar teeth.
B. Reducing the proportion of children with mental health problems
Matt, age 14, always seems to be eating, although his weight is appropriate for his height. What is the best explanation for this?
A. This is normal because of an increase in body mass.
B. This is abnormal and suggestive of future obesity.
C. His caloric intake would have to be excessive.
D. He is substituting food for unfilled needs.
A. This is normal because of an increase in body mass.
According to Piaget, most adolescents eventually achieve which stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operations D. Formal operations
D. Formal operations
According to Erikson, a person who has not successfully completed the developmental task of adolescence will experience: A. Shame and doubt B. Identity C. Role confusion D. Guilt
C. Role confusion
Which tool is used to assess sexual maturity?
A. Denver developmental screening test II
B. Dubowitz
C. Tanner
D. Elkind
C. Tanner
Chromosomal anomalies that contain an additional chromosome are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Monosomy B. Polyploidy C. Monoploidy D. Trisomy
D. Trisomy
The nurse notes this information on the chromosomal study of an infant with a birth defect: 46, XY. This means that the infant has: A. Abnormal genes in all 46 chromosomes B. A normal male chromosome analysis C. An abnormal female chromosome makeup D. Down syndrome
B. A normal male chromosome analysis
The nurse should expect a pregnant African-American woman to be offered genetic testing for which disorder? A. Cystic fibrosis B. Tay-Sachs disease C. Rh isoimmunization D. Sickle cell disease
D. Sickle cell disease
Parents of a child with an abnormal autosomal-recessive disorder want to know whether the problem is likely to recur if they have another child. The nurse knows that:
A. It is unlikely that they would ever have another child with an abnormality.
B. Each pregnancy has a one in four (25%) chance of resulting in another affected child.
C. Any pregnancy that occurs before the mother is 40 years old is not likely to have the defect.
D. Their risk of having another child with the defect cannot be exactly calculated.
B. Each pregnancy has a one in four (25%) chance of resulting in another affected child.
A woman who is 5 weeks pregnant asks the nurse whether she can take specific medication to relieve her cold symptoms. The nurse’s answer is primarily based on:
A. Whether the drug is prescribed or available over the counter.
B. The severity of the woman’s respiratory symptoms
C. The pregnancy category of the drug
D. How long the woman has had the cold
C. The pregnancy category of the drug
A pediatric nurse is caring for an infant girl with hemophilia A. The nurse realizes that:
A. Both parents must have hemophilia
B. The mother is a carrier and the father has hemophilia
C. Hemophilia is an autosomal-dominant trait
D. The infant is misdiagnosed
B. The mother is a carrier and the father has hemophilia
Increased levels of which hormone aid in breast growth and development during pregnancy? A. Estrogen B. Gonadotropin hormone C. Oxytocin D. Human chorionic gonadotropin
A. Estrogen
The sex of an infant will be female unless:
A. Two x chromosomes are received from the mother.
B. The Y chromosome is received from the father.
C. Conception occurs during the last half of the female reproductive cycle
D. The mother’s ovary produces testosterone early in pregnancy.
B. The Y chromosome is received from the father.
The primary purpose of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is to stimulate:
A. The development of the woman’s breasts for lactation.
B. Growth of pubic and axillary hair
C. Breakdown of the endometrium during the menstrual flow
D. Secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland
D. Secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland
The first outward change of puberty in girls is:
A. Rapid growth to reach adult height and weight.
B. Enlargement and development of the breasts
C. Onset of menstruation
D. Increase in clear vaginal secretions
B. Enlargement and development of the breasts
Choose the girl who is most likely to have secondary amenorrhea.
A. Amanda, a 15 year old who is approximately 10% above her ideal weight for height.
B. Brittany, a 17 year old who is preparing for competing in a national gymnastic tournament
C. Chloe, a 16 year old who had her first menstrual period 1 year ago a the age of 15.
D. Leah, a 16 year old who had her fist signs of puberty at the age of 10 years.
B. Brittany, a 17 year old who is preparing for competing in a national gymnastic tournament
Males are usually taller than females when they reach their adult height because of their:
A. Growth in height occurs early in puberty and continues for a short time after puberty.
B. Secretion of testosterone delays the closure of the epiphyses of the long bones
C. Puberty changes begin approximately 2 years later than in the average female
D. Rapid increase in height begins later in puberty and continues for a longer time.
D. Rapid increase in height begins later in puberty and continues for a longer time.
The layer of the uterine muscle that is most active during labor is composed of what kind of fibers?
A. Longitudinal
B. Interlacing
C. Circular
A. Longitudinal
The layer of uterine tissue that responds to cyclic changes in hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland is the:
A. Perimetrium
B. Myometrium
C. Endometrium
C. Endometrium
Conditions that cause the fallopian tubes to be narrower than normal may result in:
A. Excessive cramping and bleeding during menstruation
B. Increased likelihood of pregnancy during each cycle.
C. More rapid propulsion of the ovum through the tube.
D. Implantation of a fertilized ovum within the tube
D. Implantation of a fertilized ovum within the tube
Extra follicles that remain after ovulation:
A. Release their ovum during the last half of the reproductive cycle.
B. Resume maturation during the next reproductive cycle.
C. May be fertilized during another reproductive cycle.
D. Are unresponsive to stimulating hormones and do not mature
D. Are unresponsive to stimulating hormones and do not mature
Menstruation occurs because of the:
A. Hormone stimulation from the corpus luteum ceases.
B. Blood vessels in the uterine lining become too long and twisted.
C. Corpus luteum increases estrogen and progesterone production
D. Ovum has been passed from the woman’s body
A. Hormone stimulation from the corpus luteum ceases.
Milk is manufactured within the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_of the breast. A. Lactiferous ducts B. Alveoli C. Myoepithelium D. Montgomery’s tubercles
B. Alveoli
The primary purpose of the cremaster muscle is to:
A. Eject milk into the lactiferous ducts of the breasts
B. Maintain the uterus in the anteflexed position
C. Keep the testes cooler than the rest of the body
D. Expel seminal fluids to nourish the sperm at ejaculation
C. Keep the testes cooler than the rest of the body
