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Psychology 209 Life Cycle Development > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s a cohort

A

a cohort is a group of people of the same age that live in the same area

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2
Q

what is operant conditioning?

A

operant conditioning is a form of conditioning which utilizes rewards and punishments to increase or decrease behavior

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3
Q

what is a phenotype?

A

an observable trait.

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4
Q

what are monozygotic twins?

A

twins who are genetically identical

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5
Q

what are dizygotic twins

A

twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time

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6
Q

what is oxytocin?

A

the chemical that starts the birthing process

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7
Q

what is the cephalocaudal principle

A

the idea that the head developes first

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8
Q

what is the proximodistal principle?

A

development starts at the center and spans outward

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9
Q

what is the proximodistal principle?

A

devopment starts from the center outwards

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10
Q

what are the advantages of breast feeding?

A

it’s the most nutrious and delicious for a baby, it fosters a bond between mother and Infant.

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11
Q

what is the social cognitive learning theory?

A

the social cognitive learning theory states learning occurs while observing the behavior of another person called a model.

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12
Q

what is the information processing approach to development?

A

this approach follows models that seek to identify the ways individuals take in, use and store information

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13
Q

what is the evolutionary perspective theory of psychology?

A

this theory seeks to identify behavior that is a result of genetic inheritance from ancestors

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14
Q

what’s is longitudinal research

A

research that looks into the development of the same subjects over time

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15
Q

what is meiosis?

A

meiosis is the process of sex cell development

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16
Q

what is the sensitive period?

A

the period of time where humans particularly sensitive to certain environmental stimuli, but lack of those stimuli can be made up later on

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17
Q

what is the critical period?

A

the most sensitive period for an event or element that must be present for normal development to occur

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18
Q

what are schemes ?

A

mental frameworks to organize information

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19
Q

what is mitosis

A

cell division developent, it also replaces the cells in the body

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20
Q

what is the incidents of sudden infant death syndrome?

A

1 in 2500 infants

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21
Q

what is hemophilia?

A

a bleeding disorder in which blood is not able to clot

22
Q

how is a trait inherited

A

there is a 25 percent probability of genetic inheritance if the trait is present in the mother or father 50% chance if present in both

23
Q

what makes a fetus a boy?

A

2 x chromosomes

24
Q

whats an average apgar score?

A

7-10

25
Q

what’s a bad apgar score?

A

4 or below

26
Q

what is anoxia

A

anoxia is a restriction of oxygen to an infant which lasts a few minutes and can cause brain damage

27
Q

what is cross sectional research?

A

research in which people of different ages are compared at the same time

28
Q

what is amniocentesis?

A

amniocentesis is a testing procedure that is done early on in the pregnancy to check the fetus for disorders.

29
Q

what occurs during amniocentesis

A

fluid is extracted from the Embrionic sac

30
Q

what is the first stage of piagets theory of cognitive development?

A

sensiory motor lasting from birth through 18-24 months

31
Q

what are some disadvantages to c sections?

A

high risk of infection, longer recovery time and risk to the baby

32
Q

what is the lamazee birthing nethod?

A

the lamaze birth techniue works to help the mother be relaxed diluribg the birthing process. it incorporates stress relieving techniues and breathing excercises to relax the mother

33
Q

how long is the first stage of labor and what occurs?

A

during the firat stage of labor there our uterus contractions lasting 30 second and occuring around every 8 to 10 minutes

34
Q

how long should a mother stay in the hospital after giving birth?

A

no less then 48 hours

35
Q

how long is the second stage of labor?

A

90 minutes

36
Q

how long is the 3rd stage of labor?

A

a few minutes long

37
Q

what are the apgar test’s criteria

A

Apperance (color), pulse (heartrate) grimace (reflex irritabilty), activity (muscle tone), and respiration (respiratory effort)

38
Q

what is the age of viability?

A

the point at which an infajt can survive prematurely 22 weeks to 4 months

39
Q

what are sone of the causes of preterm delivery?

A

the age of the mother, the age of the father. the nutrition legel of the mother and the level of stress she experiences

40
Q

what are advantages of C sections?

A

they can help in the case of a medical emergecy whereca traditional birth is not possible

41
Q

what is super ego

A

freuds psycoanalotyic theory super ego is the morals that keep us from breaking laws

42
Q

what is a non normative life event?

A

something out of someones control that can Influence their life. examples include war, famines and poverty

43
Q

what is id?

A

primal instincts

44
Q

what is telegraphic speech ?

A

speech in which words not critical to the message are left out

45
Q

what is marasmus?

A

a severe defiency of protiens and calories in the first year of life. causes cessation of growth. if intreated leads to death

46
Q

what is kwashiorkor?

A

a condition of older children suffereing from extreme malnutrition. think african children, their stomachs are big due to water retention and electroltye imbalances

47
Q

whats the difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills in infants ?

A

gross motor skills are basic they include basic movement with some assistance. fine motor skills are advanced and require more time to develope

48
Q

what is infant directed speech?

A

a type of speech directed towards infants. it is short simple sentences.

49
Q

what’s the brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale?

A

the nbas is a measure designed to determine infants neurological and behavioral responses to their environment

50
Q

what is synaptic pruning

A

synaptic pruning is the elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of stimulation

51
Q

what is a control group

A

a control groups is a group in experimental research that receives no treatment

52
Q

what is a treatment group?

A

a treatment group is a group in experimental research that receives the treatment

Psychology 209 Life Cycle Development (2 decks)

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