Exam One Flashcards
what’s a cohort
a cohort is a group of people of the same age that live in the same area
what is operant conditioning?
operant conditioning is a form of conditioning which utilizes rewards and punishments to increase or decrease behavior
what is a phenotype?
an observable trait.
what are monozygotic twins?
twins who are genetically identical
what are dizygotic twins
twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time
what is oxytocin?
the chemical that starts the birthing process
what is the cephalocaudal principle
the idea that the head developes first
what is the proximodistal principle?
development starts at the center and spans outward
what is the proximodistal principle?
devopment starts from the center outwards
what are the advantages of breast feeding?
it’s the most nutrious and delicious for a baby, it fosters a bond between mother and Infant.
what is the social cognitive learning theory?
the social cognitive learning theory states learning occurs while observing the behavior of another person called a model.
what is the information processing approach to development?
this approach follows models that seek to identify the ways individuals take in, use and store information
what is the evolutionary perspective theory of psychology?
this theory seeks to identify behavior that is a result of genetic inheritance from ancestors
what’s is longitudinal research
research that looks into the development of the same subjects over time
what is meiosis?
meiosis is the process of sex cell development
what is the sensitive period?
the period of time where humans particularly sensitive to certain environmental stimuli, but lack of those stimuli can be made up later on
what is the critical period?
the most sensitive period for an event or element that must be present for normal development to occur
what are schemes ?
mental frameworks to organize information
what is mitosis
cell division developent, it also replaces the cells in the body
what is the incidents of sudden infant death syndrome?
1 in 2500 infants
what is hemophilia?
a bleeding disorder in which blood is not able to clot
how is a trait inherited
there is a 25 percent probability of genetic inheritance if the trait is present in the mother or father 50% chance if present in both
what makes a fetus a boy?
2 x chromosomes
whats an average apgar score?
7-10
what’s a bad apgar score?
4 or below
what is anoxia
anoxia is a restriction of oxygen to an infant which lasts a few minutes and can cause brain damage
what is cross sectional research?
research in which people of different ages are compared at the same time
what is amniocentesis?
amniocentesis is a testing procedure that is done early on in the pregnancy to check the fetus for disorders.
what occurs during amniocentesis
fluid is extracted from the Embrionic sac
what is the first stage of piagets theory of cognitive development?
sensiory motor lasting from birth through 18-24 months
what are some disadvantages to c sections?
high risk of infection, longer recovery time and risk to the baby
what is the lamazee birthing nethod?
the lamaze birth techniue works to help the mother be relaxed diluribg the birthing process. it incorporates stress relieving techniues and breathing excercises to relax the mother
how long is the first stage of labor and what occurs?
during the firat stage of labor there our uterus contractions lasting 30 second and occuring around every 8 to 10 minutes
how long should a mother stay in the hospital after giving birth?
no less then 48 hours
how long is the second stage of labor?
90 minutes
how long is the 3rd stage of labor?
a few minutes long
what are the apgar test’s criteria
Apperance (color), pulse (heartrate) grimace (reflex irritabilty), activity (muscle tone), and respiration (respiratory effort)
what is the age of viability?
the point at which an infajt can survive prematurely 22 weeks to 4 months
what are sone of the causes of preterm delivery?
the age of the mother, the age of the father. the nutrition legel of the mother and the level of stress she experiences
what are advantages of C sections?
they can help in the case of a medical emergecy whereca traditional birth is not possible
what is super ego
freuds psycoanalotyic theory super ego is the morals that keep us from breaking laws
what is a non normative life event?
something out of someones control that can Influence their life. examples include war, famines and poverty
what is id?
primal instincts
what is telegraphic speech ?
speech in which words not critical to the message are left out
what is marasmus?
a severe defiency of protiens and calories in the first year of life. causes cessation of growth. if intreated leads to death
what is kwashiorkor?
a condition of older children suffereing from extreme malnutrition. think african children, their stomachs are big due to water retention and electroltye imbalances
whats the difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills in infants ?
gross motor skills are basic they include basic movement with some assistance. fine motor skills are advanced and require more time to develope
what is infant directed speech?
a type of speech directed towards infants. it is short simple sentences.
what’s the brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale?
the nbas is a measure designed to determine infants neurological and behavioral responses to their environment
what is synaptic pruning
synaptic pruning is the elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of stimulation
what is a control group
a control groups is a group in experimental research that receives no treatment
what is a treatment group?
a treatment group is a group in experimental research that receives the treatment
