Exam One

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that takes up space and has mass; made up of elements

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Question 5

Subatomic particles

Answer 5

What atoms are composed of

Question 6

Neutrons

Answer 6

No electrical charge

Question 7

Protons

Answer 7

Positive charge

Question 8

Electrons

Answer 8

Negative charge

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

Number of protons in the nucleus

Question 10

Mass number

Answer 10

The sum of the protons plus the neutrons in the nucleus

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

Two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons (same number of protons)

Question 12

Orbital

Answer 12

The three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time

Question 13

Energy

Answer 13

The capacity to cause change

Question 14

Potential energy

Answer 14

The energy that matter has because of its location or structure

Question 15

Electron shell

Answer 15

An electron’s state of potential energy (energy level)

Question 16

Groups

Answer 16

Elements in a vertical column that have the same number of electrons in their valence shell and thus have similar properties

Question 17

Periods

Answer 17

Each horizontal row contains elements with the same number of electron shells, ordered by increasing atomic number

Question 18

Valence electrons

Answer 18

Electrons in the outermost shell

Question 19

Covalent bond

Answer 19

The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms, the shared electrons count as part of each atom’s valence shell

Question 20

Single covalent bond

Answer 20

The sharing of one pair of valence electrons

Question 21

Double covalent bond

Answer 21

The sharing of two pairs of valence electrons

Question 22

Electronegativity

Answer 22

An atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

Question 23

Non polar covalent bond

Answer 23

The atoms share the electron equally

Question 24

Polar covalent bond

Answer 24

One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms don’t share the electron equally

Question 25

Ionic bonds

Answer 25

Atoms strip electrons from their bonding partners, both atoms are charged

Question 26

Cation

Answer 26

+

Question 27

Anion

Answer 27

-

Question 28

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 28

Form when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

Question 29

Ionization energy

Answer 29

Amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Question 30

Electron affinity

Answer 30

Amount of energy released when an electron is added to form a negative ion