Exam One Flashcards
Basic elements of the communication process
Sender, receiver, message, and context
Message
An organized complex of behaviors that both represent a sender’s thoughts and express his/her feelings during the act of communicating
Sender
The person who creates and transmits a message
Receiver
The person who takes in and tries to make sense of the message
Context
The environment/scenario within which the communication takes place
Meaning
The central idea that we want another person to understand and respond to - types: cognitive (conscious) and emotional (unconscious)
Encoding
The process of finding and selecting symbols that will represent one’s cognitive meanings
Medium (channel)
The body in which a message is transported (air, light, media, etc.)
External noise
Obstruction of the message from the outside environment
Internal noise
Obstruction of the message from within the person - inattention or selective perception
Decoding
A receiver must find meanings within herself that can be given to the symbols and signs the sender has transmitted
Feedback
A message generated as a response to a message received
Rhetorical situation
A situation in which an issue or problem creates a need for communication
Exigence
An imperfection, defect, or problem that can be corrected through the use of discourse
Audience
A rhetorical audience consists of those people who can be affected nu discourse and who are capable of assisting in solving a problem
Constraints
Factors that can limit or shape the communication process and the decision making of the rhetorical audience (contextual, audience, topic, or speaker)
Four general categories of speech purpose
Inform, convince, motivate, and celebrate
Thesis statement
The embodiment of the central idea that you want your audience or understand or believe the specific action you want them to perform, or the features of a person or event to which you want them to respond intellectually and emotionally
Classical canons of rhetoric
Invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery
Invention
One of the classical canons of rhetoric
Consists of generating content and strategies for a speech through a speaker’s research and judgment
Focuses on identifying the main ideas, generating supporting material, and devising effective speeches
Arrangement
One of the classical canons of rhetoric
Involves organizing and structuring the invented material by presenting it in a logical way
Develop an outline and design introduction, conclusion, and transitions
Language style
One of the classical canons of rhetoric
A speaker’s characteristic use of language to help better transmit his meaning to the audience
Emphasizes selecting words and constructing phrases/sentences/paragraphs that give effective expression to the ideas advanced in the speech
Memory
One of the classical canons of rhetoric
Mastering of the material through practice and rehearsal
Types of memorization
Internal (impromptu) , external (manuscript), and mixed (extemporaneous)
