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American Literature II > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

1
Q

What are some characteristics of Romanticism?

A
  • past and remote settings
  • metaphysical/transcendental
  • Emerson, Hawthorne, Melville
  • reliance on symbolism
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2
Q

What are some characteristics of the Realism period?

A
  • present (the here and now)
  • “you” stories were common–> character driven
  • emphasis on prose and fiction
  • everyday problems
  • linear narrative
  • replicate authentic American dialect
  • rewards for making the right decision
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3
Q

What are some characteristics of the Naturalism period?

A
  • nature is indifferent
  • trying to trigger social change
  • bleaker stories and settings
  • freewill is an allusion
  • more pessimistic
  • nature and society are both killers no matter how hard you work
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4
Q

What are some characteristics of Modernism?

A
  • begins and “ends” with the World Wars
  • same timeline as British Modernism
  • fragmentation: disorder and chaos
  • cynicism
  • art gives unity that doesn’t otherwise exist
  • Faulkner, Hemingway, Freudian ideas
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5
Q

What ended the seclusion of the frontier?

A

The Transcontinental Railroad

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6
Q

How did stereotypes of African Americans change in the Reconstruction Era?

A

Went from a docile image to suddenly being dangerous to whites

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7
Q

What is Plantation Tradition?

A

The portrayal of plantation life as an idealized “happy family.” Introduced the idea that the Civil War ruined the Souther’s “peaceful way of life.”

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8
Q

What was the New Woman?

A

Women wanted to be able to have education and the freedom to make more informed choices, but they were often mocked for it

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9
Q

What works did Mark Twain write?

A

“The War Prayer,” “The Man That Corrupted Haddleyburg,” and “As Regards Patriotism.”

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10
Q

Describe “The War Prayer.”

A
  • never specifies a specific war–>generally applicable
  • story isn’t character based, but focuses on group mentality
  • portrays a very Old Testament God
  • the people blow him off because they don’t like what he has to say
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11
Q

Describe “As Regards Patriotism.”

A

There’s a distinction between thoughtless patriotism and thoughtful patriotism. You need to be thoughtful and actually participate for democracy to work.

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12
Q

Describe “The Man That Corrupted Haddleyburg.”

A

-Twain is skeptical of people being too sure of themselves

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13
Q

What works did we read that were written by William Dean Howells?

A
  • “The Editor’s Study”

- “Editha”

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14
Q

What are the Five Principles of Realism?

A

1) character more important than plot
2) commonplace material
3) common-sense morality
4) plausible
5) realism appropriate for democracy

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15
Q

What is the metaphor of the Grasshopper about in “The Editor’s Study?”

A

The grasshopper encourages writers to write about what they know–realism is better than interpretation.

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16
Q

Is ideal good or bad?

A

Bad.

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17
Q

Describe “Editha.”

A
  • both characters shoulder blame
  • very didactic (wanted to help people think through their problems)
  • like in “The War Prayer” she doesn’t learn her lesson; dismisses George’s mother’s comments as nonsense
  • Editha has overblown Romantic views without much life experience
  • George was originally against the war
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18
Q

What did Ambrose Bierce write and describe it?

A

“Chickamauga”

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19
Q

What did Joel Chandler Harris write?

A

“Uncle Remus: The Wonderful Tar-Baby Story”

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20
Q

Why is Harris’s work considered racist?

A
  • cultural appropriation

- the dialects made black characters look ignorant

21
Q

What works did Charles Waddell Chesnutt write?

A

“What Is a White Man,” “Goopherd Grapevine,” and “The Wife of His Youth.”

22
Q

Who wrote “The New England Nun?”

A

Freeman

23
Q

What works of Kate Chopin did we read?

A

“Desiree’s Baby” and “Story of an Hour.”

24
Q

Who coined the term the new woman?

A

Henry James

25
Q

Who were the women who were most involved in the New Woman movement?

A

Well-to-do white women who were seeking new alternatives (working class women were already working).

26
Q

What work did we read by Edith Wharton?

A

“The Other Two”

27
Q

What works did we read by Henry James?

A

“Daisy Miller: A Study”

28
Q

What works did we read by Stephen Crane?

A

“The Open Boat,” “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky,” and the poem.

29
Q

What types of characters were in Plantation Traditions?

A

Usually the story is told by an ex-slave who reminisces fondly about slave times and kind masters.

30
Q

Which authors wrote in the Plantation Tradition?

A

Thomas Nelson Page and Thomas Dixon

31
Q

What was the theory of composition for Plantation Traditions?

A

Plot-based

32
Q

What was the dialogue/narration style of Plantation Traditions?

A

Frame stories, dialect usage for ex-slaves

33
Q

What was the purpose of Plantation Tradition?

A

To create nostalgia for the slave age.

34
Q

Who were the authors of realism?

A

Twain, Howells, James, and Wharton

35
Q

What is the setting in realism?

A

Remembered past, present; drawing rooms

36
Q

What is the theory of composition for realism/regionalism?

A

Organic–out of character

37
Q

What was the dialogue/narration style in realism?

A

Accessible, resembles actual speech/dialects

38
Q

What was the purpose of realism/regionalism?

A

Mimetic, didactic (intended to teach)

39
Q

What is the psychology of realism?

A

Real world, everyday motivations and problems; stream of consciousness

40
Q

Which authors wrote naturalism?

A

Bierce, Crane, and Twain

41
Q

What was the setting in naturalism?

A

The city or rough nature conditions–bad

42
Q

What was the theory of composition for naturalism?

A

Out of design (plot is more important than character development)

43
Q

What is the dialogue/narration style for naturalism?

A

Vulgarity, harsh language, dialect

44
Q

What were the philosophical underpinnings of naturalism?

A

Determinism (social Darwinism); characters may have illusion of free well

45
Q

What is the purpose of naturalism?

A

Didactic, class awareness

46
Q

What is the psychology of naturalism?

A

Frequently absent, though may use stream-of-consciousness to show character’s thoughts in extreme situations

47
Q

When did the New Woman come about?

A

During the Progressive Era

48
Q

Describe “The Man Who Corrupted Haddleyburg.”

A

A man comes into a town that was supposed to be the most humble and manages to corrupt every single one of them.

American Literature II (1 decks)

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