exam one

Question 1

sample

Answer 1

SUBSET of the population to gain insight about the population

Question 2

population

Answer 2

TOTAL set of measurements (unknown)

Question 3

sample statistic

Answer 3

descriptive stats, sample of data (sample mean, sample variation, sample SD)

Question 4

population parameters

Answer 4

descriptive measure of population (mean, variation, SD)

Question 5

statistical inference

Answer 5

estimation, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing

Question 6

histogram

Answer 6

bar chart to show quantitative data

Question 7

frequency (f)

Answer 7

how many of each “class”

Question 8

relative frequency

Answer 8

probabilities: f/n

Question 9

cumulative frequency

Answer 9

∑fi

Question 10

cumulative relative frequency

Answer 10

∑fi/n = 1

Question 11

quantitative data

Answer 11

numerical quantity

Question 12

qualitative data

Answer 12

quality or characteristic

Question 13

discrete measurements

Answer 13

only a finite or countable number of variables

Question 14

continuous measurements

Answer 14

infinite values corresponding to points on a line interval

Question 15

four levels of measurement

Answer 15

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Question 16

nominal

Answer 16

lowest, only used to classify or categorize

Question 17

ordinal

Answer 17

rank/order

Question 18

interval

Answer 18

distances b/w consecutive numbers have meaning, data always numerical, zero is not fixed (temperatures)

Question 19

ratio

Answer 19

highest, absolute zero, the ration of two numbers is meaningful (height, weight, time, volume)

Question 20

measures of variation

Answer 20

range, variance, standard deviation, mean absolute deviation

Question 21

mutually exclusive

Answer 21

two or more events cannot occur at the same time; if one happens, the other cannot

Question 22

statistically independent

Answer 22

the occurrence of one event doesn’t affect the probability of another

Question 23

statistically dependent

Answer 23

changes in result of another variable

Question 24

null hypothesis (H0)

Answer 24

assumed to be true until proven otherwise (being tested)

Question 25

alternative hypothesis (Ha)

Answer 25

accepted as true if H0 is disproved

Question 26

p-value

Answer 26

probability calculated from a test statistic that measures whether it is likely/unlikely

Question 27

small p-value

Answer 27

unlikely

Question 28

standard error of the mean

Answer 28

how different the population mean is likely to be from the sample mean