Exam One

Question 1

What is Organizational Behavior?

Answer 1

Interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding and managing people at work

Managing yourself and others inside and outside the organization.

Question 2

What are the three weaknesses of Common Sense to avoid and be aware of?

Answer 2

Overreliance on hindsight, Lack of rigor, & Lack of objectivity.

Question 3

What are Person Factors?

Answer 3

Infinite characteristics that give individuals their unique identities

Question 4

What are Situation Factors?

Answer 4

Elements outside us that influence what we do, the way we do it, and the ultimate results of our actions.

Question 5

What are the three levels of OB?

Answer 5

Individual; Group/Team; Organizational

Question 6

What is Selection Criteria?

Answer 6

Solution based on bottom-line profits, you and your classmates or coworkers, your organization’s reputation with customers or the community, your values, and ethical implications.

Means finding answers or making decisions based on how much money a company makes, how it looks to customers and the community, what you and your team believe in, and whether it’s the right thing to do. Basically, it’s about balancing profit with values and reputation.

Question 7

What is Consequences?

Answer 7

Solution based on who wins and who loses, ideal versus practical options, perfection versus excellence, and superior versus satisfactory results.

Question 8

What is Choice Process?

Answer 8

Solution based on who will participate in choosing the solution.

Question 9

What percentage of employers caught false information on resumes or applications?

Answer 9

85%

Question 10

What are the consequences of Unethical Behavior?

Answer 10

Damages relationships, erodes trust, and makes it difficult to influence others and conduct business.

Question 11

Name Examples of Unethical Behavior

Answer 11

College students cheating on an exam, steroid use in MLB, and the College Admissions Bribery scandal

Question 12

What did studies found by grad students show about student cheating?

Answer 12

Peer behavior was by far the strongest predicator of student cheating, followed by severity of penalties and certainty of being reported.

Question 13

When are students more likely to cheat?

Answer 13

if their classmates cheat and they think the probability of being caught is small

Question 14

What Workplace Attitudes are tracked by Managers?

Answer 14

Organizational Commitment
Perceived Organizational Support
Job Satisfaction
Employee Engagement

Tracked attitudes include various aspects of employee behavior and satisfaction.

Question 15

What are the Three components of attitudes?

Answer 15

Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral

Attitudes consist of these three components that influence our perceptions and behaviors.

Question 16

What is the Affective Component?

Answer 16

“I feel”, our feelings or emotions about a given object or situation.

This component focuses on the emotional aspect of attitudes.

Question 17

What is the Cognitive Component?

Answer 17

“I believe”, our beliefs or ideas about an object or situation.

This component relates to our thoughts and beliefs regarding a specific object or situation.

Question 18

What is the Behavioral Component?

Answer 18

“I intend”, how we intend or expect to act toward someone or something.

This component pertains to our actions and intentions towards objects or situations.

Question 19

What Factors contribute to Employee Engagement?

Answer 19

Person Factors; Situation Factors

Employee engagement is influenced by personal characteristics and external circumstances in the workplace.

Question 20

What are Values?

Answer 20

Abstract ideals that guide our thinking and behavior across all situations. (more broad than attitudes)

Question 21

What are Attitudes?

Answer 21

Represent our feelings or opinions about people, places, and objects and range from positive to negative.

Question 22

Difference between attitudes & behavior in the workplace?

Answer 22

attitudes = motivation & job involvement;

behaviors = job performance & turnover

Question 23

What is Organizational Citizenship Behavior?

Answer 23

Individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of an organization.

where employees go above and beyond their job duties to help the company. These actions aren’t required and usually don’t get them any official rewards, but they make the workplace better for everyone.

Question 24

Examples of Organizational Citizenship Behavior:

Answer 24

1. Constructive statements about the department.
2. Expression of personal interest in the work of others.
3. Suggestions for improvement.
4. Training of new people.
5. Respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules.
6. Care for organizational property.
7. Punctually and attendance well beyond standard or enforceable levels.

Question 25

Turnover can be what two things for an organization?

Answer 25

positive and negative ## Footnote *turnover in an organization is when employees leave their jobs and need to be replaced. It can happen for various reasons, like finding a new job, retirement, or being let go.*

Question 26

What is Cognitive dissonance?

Answer 26

Psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions (ideas, beliefs, values, and emotions).

Question 27

Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, & Openness to experience all make up what

Answer 27

5 Big personality dimensions

Question 28

What is Extroversion?

Answer 28

Outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive. | dimension indicates how outgoing and social a person is ## Footnote Example sentence: She is known for her extroversion at social events.

Question 29

What is Agreeableness?

Answer 29

Trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted. | measures how friendly, compassionate, and cooperative someone is ## Footnote Additional information: People with high levels of agreeableness tend to be easy to get along with.

Question 30

What is Conscientiousness?

Answer 30

Dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, persistent. | reflects how organized, responsible, and dependable someone is ## Footnote Example sentence: His conscientiousness helped him achieve his career goals.

Question 31

What is Emotional stability?

Answer 31

Relaxed, secure, unworried. | reflects how prone a person is to stress and negative emotions. ## Footnote Additional information: Emotional stability is important for maintaining mental well-being.

Question 32

What is Openness to experience?

Answer 32

Intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded. | sees how open-minded, creative, and willing to try new things person is ## Footnote Example sentence: Her openness to experience led her to travel to new countries and try new things.

Question 33

What are the Core self-evaluations (CSESs)?

Answer 33

Self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, & emotional stability. ## Footnote Additional information: Core self-evaluations play a significant role in shaping individuals' perceptions of themselves.

Question 34

What is Self-efficacy?

Answer 34

"I can do that", is a person’s belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task. ## Footnote Example sentence: His self-efficacy motivated him to take on challenging projects.

Question 35

What is Self-esteem?

Answer 35

"Look in the mirror", general belief about your self-worth. ## Footnote Example sentence: Building self-esteem is essential for maintaining a positive self-image.

Question 36

What is Locus of control?

Answer 36

Relatively stable personality characteristic that describes how much personal responsibility we take for our behavior and its consequences. ## Footnote Example sentence: People with an internal locus of control tend to believe they have control over their own lives.

Question 37

What is Emotional Intelligence (EI)?

Answer 37

Ability to monitor your own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions. ## Footnote Example sentence: Developing emotional intelligence can lead to better relationships and decision-making.

Question 38

When dealing with stress what should you do?

Answer 38

prioritize. ## Footnote No additional information.

Question 39

What will allow you to have better skills and be more intelligent, regardless of any intelligence that is perceived to be “inherited from birth”?

Answer 39

more constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving.

Question 40

What are some Behaviors that align with Effective Leadership?

Answer 40

Assigning specific tasks to group members, Telling others they have done well, Setting specific goals for the group, Letting other group members make decisions, Trying to get the group to work as a team, & Maintaining definite standards of performance.

Question 41

What is the Fundamental Attribution Bias?

Answer 41

Reflects our tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to his or her personal characteristics, rather than situation factors. ## Footnote *For example, if someone is late, you might think they’re careless, instead of considering they might have faced unexpected traffic. It’s basically a tendency to overlook external factors and focus on personal traits.*

Question 42

What is the Self-Serving Bias?

Answer 42

Represents our tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure. ## Footnote Additional information: People with self-serving bias often attribute their successes to their own abilities and efforts, while failures are blamed on external factors.

Question 43

What is Ethnocentrism?

Answer 43

Feeling that an individual’s cultural rules and norms are superior to or more appropriate than the rules and norms of another culture. ## Footnote Example sentence: His ethnocentrism makes it difficult for him to accept other cultural practices.

Question 44

What is Psychological safety?

Answer 44

Reflects the extent to which people feel free to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences.

Question 45

An employee’s attributions for his or her own performance have dramatic effects on what?

Answer 45

motivation, performance, and personal attitudes such as self-esteem.

Question 46

What is Glass Ceiling?

Answer 46

An invisible but absolute barrier than prevents individuals, such as women or minorities, from advancing to higher-level positions.