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ASU COM 316 > Exam one > Flashcards

Exam one Flashcards

1
Q

Combination of qualities that society considers both masculine and feminine. People with this tend to identify with and enact qualities socially ascribed both to women and men.

A

androgyny

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2
Q

Person whose gender identity is consistent with society’s views of the sex assigned to the person at birth.

A

cis

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3
Q

A dynamic, systemic process in which meanings are created and reflected in and through humans’ interactions with symbols.

A

communication

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4
Q

The literal meaning of communication. They are the formal, or denotative, meanings of messages.

A

content level of meaning

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5
Q

Modes of study that are informed by political commitments to interrogating power dynamics.

A

critical research methods

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6
Q

The structures and practices, especially those relating to communication, through which a particular social order is produced and reproduced by legitimizing certain values, expectations, meanings, and patterns of behavior.

A

culture

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7
Q

The reduction of a phenomenon to its primary characteristics, which are generally presumed to be innate or unchangeable. To do this to the sexes is to imply that all women are alike in basic respects, that all men are alike in basic respects, and that the two sexes are distinct from each other because of fundamental qualities.

A

essentializing

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8
Q

A social, symbolic construction that includes an internal sense of identity, the external communication of that identity, as well as the cultural expectations assigned to biological sex.

A

gender

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9
Q

The external communication of one’s gender identity through clothing, hairstyles, behavior, and voice.

A

gender expression

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10
Q

A person’s private sense of, and subjective experience of, his/her/their own gender.

A

gender identity

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11
Q

The cultural expectations assigned to one’s sex.

A

gender role

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12
Q

Used to describe various circumstances in which individuals are born with both male and female characteristics.

A

intersex people

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13
Q

Scholarship that combines quantitative, qualitative, and critical methods of doing research.

A

mixed research methods

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14
Q

Of or pertaining to patriarchy, “rule by the fathers.” The term patriarchy generally refers to systems of ideology, social structures, and practices created by men, which reflect the values, priorities, and views of men as a group.

A

patriarchal

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15
Q

Aim to understand the nature or meaning of experiences, which cannot be quantified into numbers.

A

qualitative research methods

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16
Q

Way of gathering data that can be quantified and analyzing the data to draw conclusions.

A

quantitative research methods

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17
Q

The nonliteral meaning of communication. Expresses how a speaker sees the relationship between self and other. May provide cues about how to interpret the literal meaning of a message, for instance, as a joke.

A

relationship level of meaning

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18
Q

A personal quality determined by biological and genetic characteristics. Male, female, man, and woman indicate this.

A

sex

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19
Q

A person’s preferences for romantic and sexual partners.

A

sexual orientation

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20
Q

Someone whose biologically assigned sex and its accompanying gendered expectations do not match their gender identity.

A

trans/transgender

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21
Q

The theory that biological characteristics of the sexes are the basis of differences in women’s and men’s thinking, communicating, feeling, and other functions.

A

biological theory

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22
Q

A developmental theory according to which children participate in defining their genders by acting on internal motivations to be competent, which in turn lead them to seek out gender models that help them to sculpt their own femininity or masculinity.

A

cognitive development theory

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23
Q

The division of humans into two sexes and two corresponding genders that are presumed to be opposite, distinct, natural, and enduring. It assumes that a person’s sex, gender, and sexuality align in socially prescribed ways.

A

gender binary

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24
Q

A person’s understanding that his/her/their assigned sex is stable or permanent and that it is accompanied by gendered expectations.

A

gender constancy

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25
Q

An internal mental framework that organizes perceptions and directs behavior related to gender.

A

gender schema

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26
Q

Claims that cognitive processes are central to our learning what gender means in our culture and to learning how to perform our gender competently. Related to cognitive development theory.

A

gender schema theory

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27
Q

A view that promotes heterosexuality as natural and preferred and assumes all other sexual identities are abnormal.

A

heteronormativity

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28
Q

Integration of two theories into a perspective on performances as means of challenging and destabilizing conventional cultural categories and the values attached to them. (Second)

A

performative theory

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29
Q

The theory that family relationships, especially between mother and child during the formative years of life, have a pivotal and continuing impact on the development of self, particularly gender identity.

A

psychodynamic theories

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30
Q

Integration of two theories into a perspective on performances as means of challenging and destabilizing conventional cultural categories and the values attached to them. (First)

A

queer performative theory

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31
Q

social definitions of expected behaviors and the values associated with them; typically internalized by individuals in the process of socialization.

A

role

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32
Q

Critique of conventional categories of identity and cultural views of “normal” and “abnormal,” particularly in relation to sexuality. Argues identities are not fixed but fluid.

A

queer theory

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33
Q

Theory that individuals learn gender through observation and imitation, and by reacting to rewards and punishments others offer in response.

A

social learning theory

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34
Q

A theory that focuses on the influence of social location (e.g., gender, race, class, etc) on one’s experience and perspective.

A

standpoint theory

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35
Q

The theory that individuals develop self-identity and an understanding of social life, values, and codes of conduct through communicative interactions with others in a society.

A

symbolic interactionism

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36
Q

A way to describe, explain, and predict relationships among phenomena.

A

theory

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37
Q

A movement opposing any measures that advance women’s equality, status, rights, or opportunities; also called the backlash against feminism.

A

antifeminism

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38
Q

A movement that aimed to prevent women from gaining the right to vote in the United States. Opposition to women’s right to vote was evident as early as 1848 and was formalized in organizations by 1911.

A

antisuffrage movement

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39
Q

A countermovement that seeks to repudiate and contain feminism by arguing two contradictory claims: that women have never had it so good, so there is no longer any need for feminism; and that feminism has caused serious problems in women’s lives and family relationships. Also called antifeminism.

A

backlash

40
Q

Grassroots movement of people of all genders that challenges racist violence, police brutality, and mass incarceration of Black people.

A

BlackLivesMatter

41
Q

Cultural ideology during the first wave of U.S. feminism that claimed women are suited for and should remain in the domestic sphere.

A

cult of domesticity

42
Q

The viewpoint that women and men differ in fundamental ways, including biology, having different abilities and skills, and being entitled to different rights.

A

cultural feminism

43
Q

A movement that integrates the intellectual and political bases of feminist theorizing with ecological philosophy. The specific oppression of women is seen as a particular instance of a larger ideology that esteems violence and domination of women, children, animals, and the Earth.

A

ecofeminism

44
Q

A feminist movement rooted in Black feminism and responsive to the concerns of the hip-hop generation.

A

hip-hop feminism

45
Q

recognition that all systems of oppression are interconnected.

A

intersectionality

46
Q

A form of feminism that maintains that women and men are alike in important respects and advocates women’s social, economic, educational, and political equality.

A

liberal feminism

47
Q

Arising in the early 1960s this movement advocates women’s social, economic, educational, and political equality.

A

mainstream second wave feminism

48
Q

(1) Aims to be inclusive of diverse peoples; (2) to use personal life and personal action for political impact; and (3) to work to build coalitions with other groups that struggle against oppression.

A

mainstream third-wave feminism

49
Q

A grassroots gathering of African-American women launched in Philadelphia in 1997 to celebrate and foster solidarity among black women.

A

Million Woman March

50
Q

A branch of the women’s movement that is characterized by global perspective, coalition-building, and emphasis on multiple systems of domination that shape women’s lives.

A

multiracial feminism

51
Q

Cultural assumption that sexism is fully eradicated. Uses the language of feminism to undermine feminist commitments to collective justice and change.

A

postfeminist era

52
Q

A movement that emerged in the 1990s as a reaction to feminist emphasis on women’s oppression. Urges women to take what is theirs and to reject seeing themselves as victims of men or society.

A

power feminism

53
Q

A branch of feminism that grew out of New Left politics and demanded the same attention to women’s oppression that New Left organizations gave to racial oppression and other ideological issues. They pioneered revolutionary communication techniques such as consciousness raising, leaderless group discussion, and guerrilla theater.

A

radical feminism

54
Q

Feminist group that focuses on valuing traditionally feminine skills, activities, and perspectives and their contributions to personal, interpersonal, and cultural life.

A

revalorism

55
Q

An underground feminist movement that began in the late 1980s and aligned with punk music, radical politics, and DIY ethics. They created their own music, art, and zines to tackle a range of feminist issues.

A

Riot Grrrl

56
Q

Feminist group that believes that, because patriarchal culture cannot be changed or reformed, women who find it oppressive must create and live in their own women-centered communities separate from the larger culture.

A

separatism

57
Q

A movement by and for trans and gender-nonconforming people that advances an intersectional view of liberation.

A

transfeminism

58
Q

gendered discrimination, hatred, and violence aimed at transfeminine people.

A

transmisogyny

59
Q

Activism started by Black women to define oppression as resulting from both race and sex. It is rooted in a long tradition of intersectional actvism and analysis that dates back to the first wave of feminism.

A

womanism (a.k.a black feminism)

60
Q

A branch of feminism that grew out of New Left politics and demanded the same attention to women’s oppression that New Left organizations gave to racial oppression and other ideological issues. Radical feminists pioneered revolutionary communication techniques such as consciousness raising, leaderless group discussion, and guerrilla theater. Not radical feminism!

A

women’s liberation movement

61
Q

From the mid-1800s to the 1920s, a movement that focused on gaining basic rights for women, such as the rights to vote, to pursue higher education, and to enter professions.

A

women’s rights movement

62
Q

A grassroots movement that used street-based, direct action civil disobedience to advocate for people living with HIV and AIDS.

A

ACT UP (AIDs Coalition To Unleash Power)

63
Q

From the mythopoetic men’s movement, men’s yearning to be close to other men and to build deep, enduring bonds with them; based on the mythopoetic belief that most young boys have distant relationships with the primary man in their lives—the father—and that the hunger for meaningful contact with men, of which they were deprived in youth, continues throughout life.

A

father hunger

64
Q

A British fathers’ rights group that relies on the two rhetorical strategies of humor and dramatic stunts to raise public awareness about the custody rights of separated and divorced fathers.

A

Fathers 4 Justice

65
Q

A branch of the men’s movement that seeks to restore the traditional image of men by celebrating and encouraging the qualities of competitiveness, independence, and ruggedness in men.

A

Free Men

66
Q

A multifaceted effort to stimulate a national conversation about what it means to be a good man today.

A

Good Men Project

67
Q

Abbreviation for involuntary celibacy; one of the extreme men’s rights groups.

A

incels

68
Q

Men who believe that women and men are alike in important respects and that the sexes should enjoy the same privileges, rights, opportunities, and status in society. Some seek to rid themselves of what they regard as toxic masculinity promoted in men by socialization and to develop sensitivities more typically inculcated in women. Also called?

A

male feminists (pro-feminist men)

69
Q

A category of men’s movement that sees men as oppressed and seeks to preserve men’s freedom from women and feminization.

A

masculinist

70
Q

A male antiviolence program that educates men about socialization that links masculinity to violence and aggression; motivates men to reject violence in themselves and in other men; and emphasizes the role of a bystander.

A

Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP)

71
Q

Members of a men’s movement whose goal is to restore traditional roles for men and women and, with that, the privileges men have historically enjoyed.

A

men’s rights activists

72
Q

A branch of the men’s movement that began with a march in Washington, DC, in 1995, in which black men atoned for sins and committed themselves to spiritual transformation and political action. Annual marches were also held in subsequent years.

A

Million Man March

73
Q

Hatred of women.

A

misogyny

74
Q

A branch of the men’s movement headed by Robert Bly and active in the 1990s. They believe that men need to rediscover their distinctively masculine modes of feeling.

A

mythopoetic movement

75
Q

An activist men’s organization that promotes personal, political, and social changes that foster equality of men and women and gay and straight people through workshops and informal group discussions, public speaking, educational outreach programs, and enactment of traitorous identities.

A

NOMAS (National Organization for Men Against Sexism)

76
Q

Begun in 1990, a Christian branch of the men’s movement that calls men together to pray and commit to Christ-centered living.

A

Promise Keepers

77
Q

A group member’s criticism of particular attitudes and actions that are typically accepted within the group; e.g., a man critiquing a sexist joke.

A

traitorous identity

78
Q

An organization that works to end men’s violence against women through community awareness and fundraising.

A

Walk a Mile in Her Shoes

79
Q

An international group of men who work to end men’s violence against women.

A

White Ribbon Campaign (WRC)

80
Q

Paternalistic attitude that describes women affectionately but assumes they aren’t competent to do particular tasks.

A

benevolent sexism

81
Q

Asserts that differences between women’s and men’s communication are influenced by a variety of factors including topics, speaker status, salience of gender in a communication situation, and other people present.

A

gender-linked language effect

82
Q

Words and phrases that are claimed to refer to both women and men yet are denotatively masculine; for example, the word man used to refer to all human beings.

A

generic language

83
Q

Systems of ideology, social structures, and practices that are created by women and reflect the values, priorities, and views of women as a group.

A

matriarchal

84
Q

Nominal indicators of listening or attending. “Um” and “yeah” are examples.

A

minimal response cues

85
Q

Conceiving things in terms of opposites (e.g., good or bad, right or wrong).

A

polarized thinking

86
Q

A group of people who share assumptions regarding how, when, and why to communicate and how to interpret others’ communication.

A

speech community

87
Q

A broad generalization about an entire class of phenomena based on some knowledge of limited aspects of certain members of the class.

A

stereotype

88
Q

A personal object that influences how we see ourselves and how we express our identities.

A

artifact

89
Q

Touch as a form of nonverbal communication.

A

haptics

90
Q

Facial and body movements; one type of nonverbal communication.

A

kinesics

91
Q

The dimension of relationship-level meaning that expresses affection for another.

A

liking

92
Q

All elements of communication other than words themselves. Estimated to carry 65 to 93% of the total meaning of communication and includes visual, vocal, environmental, and physical aspects of interaction.

A

nonverbal communication

93
Q

Vocal cues that accompany verbal communication, such as accent, volume, and inflection.

A

paralanguage

94
Q

Dimension of relationship-level meaning that expresses the degree to which a person is equal to, dominant over, or deferential to others.

A

power

95
Q

Space and the human use of space, including personal territories.

A

proxemics

96
Q

The dimension of relationship-level meaning that expresses attentiveness to others and interest in what they say and do.

A

responsiveness

97
Q

An aspect of proxemics; the sense of personal space that one does not want others to invade.

A

territoriality

ASU COM 316 (1 decks)

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