Exam One

Question 1

Equifinality

Answer 1

Multiple causes, one outcome

Question 2

Multifinality

Answer 2

One cause, multiple outcomes

Question 3

Clinical Disorder

Answer 3

A constellation of symptoms that significantly impairs an individual’s ability to function, and is characterized by a specifiable onset, course, duration, outcome, and response to treatment; and associated familial, psychosocial, and biological correlates

Question 4

Incidence

Answer 4

The number or rate of new cases of a clinical disorder during a specific time frame

Question 5

Prevalence

Answer 5

The number or rate of existing cases of a clinical disorder during a specific time frame

Question 6

Sensitivity

Answer 6

The probability that a patient displays a particular symptom given that they have a particular clinical disorder

Question 7

Specificity

Answer 7

The probability that a patient does not display a particular symptom given that they do not have a particular clinical disorder

Question 8

Positive Predictive Power (PPP)

Answer 8

The probability that a patient has a particular disorder given that they exhibit a particular symptom

Question 9

Negative Predictive Power (NPP)

Answer 9

The probability that a patient does not have a particular disorder given that they do not exhibit a particular symptom

Question 10

Moderator Variable

Answer 10

A variable that affects the strength or direction between two variables

Question 11

Mediator Variable

Answer 11

A variable that provides a causal link between two variables

Question 12

Compliance Training

Answer 12

Teaching a child to follow verbal/gestural directions using operant conditioning & extinction (ignoring behaviors that are not the desired behaviors)

Question 13

Discrete Trial Training

Answer 13

A step-by-step approach to presenting stimulus and requiring a specific response

Question 14

Theory of Mind

Answer 14

The ability to understand others’ way of thinking

Question 15

Mild Intellectual Disability

Answer 15

People with an IQ of 55-70. Have difficulties in acquiring academic skills, abstract thinking, and planning.

Question 16

Moderate Intellectual Disability

Answer 16

People with an IQ of 40-55. Have slow progress in academic skills and development in the elementary level.

Question 17

Severe Intellectual Disability

Answer 17

People with an IQ of 25-40. Have little understanding of written language or numbers, time, and money.

Question 18

Profound Intellectual Disability

Answer 18

People with an IQ of < 25. Have greatly limited physical functioning.

Question 19

Intellectual Disability

Answer 19

Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptative functioning that onsets before adulthood

Question 20

Internalizing Problems

Answer 20

Behaviors/emotions that are difficult to see overtly, but felt or expressed by people

Question 21

Externalizing Problems

Answer 21

Behaviors/emotions that are easily seen/identified by observers

Question 22

Operant Conditioning

Answer 22

Learning that is dependent on reinforcement and punishments

Question 23

Classical Conditioning

Answer 23

How we are conditioned to the environment through reflexive learning

Question 24

Modeling

Answer 24

How we learn from the environment through observation, instruction, and reading

Question 25

Secondary Symptoms

Answer 25

Behaviors that are not a part of the diagnostic criteria, but are often present and associated with the disorder

Question 26

Base Rate

Answer 26

How frequently a symptom is present in children with a particular disorder