Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Community > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of healthy people 2030

A

attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death

achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups

create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life spans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some factors that effect health outcomes?

A

economic stability (employment, income, expenses, debt, medical bills support)

neighborhood and physical environment (housing, transportation, safety, parks, playgrounds, walkability)

education (literacy, language, ECE, vocational training, higher education)

food

community and social context (social integration, support systems, community engagement, discrimination)

health care systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the levels of prevention?

A

primordial (large scale political changes or social changes effecting the community)

primary (prevent disease before it begins)

secondary (early detection/screening)

tertiary (treatment of diagnosed disease)

quaternary (weighing the risks vs. benefits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the ethical principles of community nursing?

A

respect for autonomy

non-maleficence

beneficence

justice

fidelity

veracity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Non-Maleficence

A

do no harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beneficence

A

risks and benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

justice

A

equal care for all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fidelity

A

keeping promises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

veracity

A

tell the truth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some barriers to healthcare access?

A

lack of health insurance

lack of PCP

perception of needs (patient does not think they are sick or need health insurance)

uneven distribution of services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medicare

A

65+, ERSD, disabilities

Part A: impatient, skilled nursing

Part B: outpatient services

Part C: EXTRA supplemental insurance

Part D: EXTRA prescription drug coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medicaid

A

for low income familites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Affordable Care Act

A

uninsured who do not qualify for other options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Children’s Health Insurance Program

A

19 and younger who do not qualify for Medicaid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are vulnerable populations?

A

More likely to develop health problems - include poverty, homeless, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy from bottom to top?

A

Physiological (air, food, shelter, sleep, clothing reproduction)

Safety and Security (health, employment, property, family and social stability)

Love and belonging (friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection)

Self-esteem (confidence, achievement, respect of others, the need to be a unique individual)

Self-Actualization (morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance, experience purpose, meaning and inner potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the nurses role for somebody experiencing addicition?

A

provide compassionate non-judgmental care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the CAGE assessment questions?

A

C: Cut down on drinking (ever felt like you should)

A: Annoyed by people criticizing your drinking?

G: Guilty about drinking?

E: Eye opener (had a drink first thing in the morning?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the limit of drinks per day for males/females?

A

Males: 2 drinks/day

Females: 1 drink/day

12 oz beer or 6 oz wine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Motivational interviewing

A

Client is the driver, nurse is the guide

How ready are you to quit?

How confident are you in your ability to quit?

How would your life look different if alcohol were not a part of it?

What would motivate you to make a change?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Management of addiction

A

1 promote safety

promote participation in treatment

promote healthy coping skills

promote adequate nutrition

provide client education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who is at risk for human trafficking?

A

unstable living situation

history of domestic violence

family member who has a substance abuse

runaway, juvenile justice system, foster care

undocumented immigrants

facing poverty or economic need

hx of sexual abuse

addicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Red flags for human trafficking

A

inability to attend school or unexplained absenses

frequently running away

frequent travel

bruises, withdrawn behavior, depression

lack of control over personal schedule or travel documents

hunger, malnourishment, inappropriate dress

tattoos that can’t be explained

hyperarousal/anger

s/o drug addiction

coached responses

sudden change in behavior, material items (expensive)

references to sex beyond age expected

older boyfriend/girlfriend

change in attention to personal hygiene

daydreaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Trauma informed care

A

1 safety

choice - it’s the clients choice to leave

collaboration

trustworthiness - develop trust

empowerment - to make decision for self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hypothermia
Core body temperature below 35 Usually accidental Frostbite could be a side effect Vulnerable is homeless, alcohol, elderly, young Signs: cyanotic, tingling, itching
26
Mild hypothermia
32-35 degrees Symptoms are cognitive
27
Moderate hypothermia
28-32 degrees symptoms are decreased vital signs, possible hallucinations
28
Severe hypothermia
below 28 degrees symptoms are absent respirations, absent pulse, ventricular fibrillation, coma, dilated pupils
29
Hypothermia interventions
Warm limbs by placing close to body, do NOT rub, may put in warm water if no numbness
30
What are the benefits of telehealth?
improve outcomes, increase access, decrease costs, decrease hospital admissions
31
What are the barriers to telehealth?
reluctance, insurance not covering it, lack of experience with technology, no internet
32
Risk factors for decreased oxygenation
smoking - increase risk of COPD chemical irritants air pollutants disease management
33
How much water should somebody drink per day
2000-2500 mL/day
34
How to improve oxygenation
smoking cessation - most important! environmental air quality vaccination against pneumonia and flu breathing techniques - pursed lip, tripod hydration (2000-2500 mL/day) improve activity tolerance (balance rest with activity) nutrition (SFF, increase protein, no excess carbs) coping
35
What are nutritional requirements for somebody dealing with oxygenation issues?
Eat SFF high protein (lean meat, fish, beans, eggs) no excess carbs
36
RULE for motivational interviewing
R - resist telling them what to do U: understand their motives L: listen with empathy E: empower them
37
Assessment findings for somebody undergoing a crisis
overwhelmed difficulty concentrating disorganized thought process increased emotional reactions fearfulness increased sensory output
38
Situational crisis vs maturational crisis
Situational is unexpected, daily living event (ex. new diagnosis) Maturational is an event that occurs as individuals progress through the life cycle (ex. wedding, child, elderly family member)
39
Priorities for crisis
#1 safety communication
40
Interventions for crisis
coping mechanisms counseling crisis intervention (recognize and implement immediate short term soluations)
41
ABCs of crisis counseling
A: achieve rappor B: boil down the problem - help patient identify problem C: coping with problem - what is necessary to help patient cope?
42
PTSD assessment findings
sleep disorder emotional numbing flashbacks nightmares hypervigilance diffculty with relationships aggression depression substance abuse suicide
43
Medications for PTSD
Prazosin - helps with nightmares and sleep problems
44
Assessment findings for perfusion issues
dyspnea edema cyanosis pallor mental status changes JVD vital sign abnormalities
45
Non-modifiable risk factors for perfusion issues
age gender race family hx personal health hx
46
Modifable risk factors for perfusion issues
smoking high BP high cholesterol obesity physical inactivity diabetes stress alcohol intake
47
Potential outcomes for perfusion problems
hyperlipidemia HTN stroke PVD PAD
48
Total Cholesterol Normal Levels
< 200
49
LDL normal level
< 129
50
HDL normal level
> 50 for females >40 for males
51
Triglyerides normal levels
< 150
52
HTN crisis assessment findings
rapid onset blurred vision Systolic > 180 Diastolic > 120 headache confusion
53
PAD
intermittent claudation NO edema pallor to normal color thin, shiny skin decreased or absent pulses hair loss thick toenails DANGLE legs
54
PVD
aching and rest pain edema brown pigmentation thick, fibrous subcutaenous tissue normal puleses ELEVATE legs, compression stockings
55
Interventions for perfusion problems
maintain normal BMI maintain normal BP diet high in vitamin and minerals exercise aerobic 30 min 5-6 x a week stop smoking alcohol in moderation stress reduction skin care education regarding medications
56
Hyperlipidemia Medication
statins bile acid sequestrants niacin fibric acid agents
57
Statins
1st line treatment for LDL increases Monitor cholesterol and liver enzymes before and during therapy Assess for muscle pain D/T rhabdomyolysis Assess creatinine levels if pain avoid alcohol report N/V D/T potential liver involvement
58
Bile Acid Sequestrants
lower LDL by binding bile and increasing excretion can have GI side effects decreased absorption of vitamins and minerals report constipation, N/V, black stools, or sudden back pain
59
Niacin
decreases total cholesterol and LDL and triglycerides and increases HDL Used in combination with statins Take with meals Use cautiously in patients with active liver disease, gout, DM monitor glucose, uric acid, AST, ALT
60
Fibric Acid agents
lower triglycerides in combination with statins monitor cholesterol, glucose and liver enzymes
61
Medication management PVD and PAD
aspirin, clopidogrel, cliostazol, pentoxifylline all could take a couple weeks to work
62
Aspirin and Clopidogrel
anti-platelet decrease risk of arterial thrombus
63
Cilostazol
vasodilator, helps intermittent claudication Monitor bleeding times and platelet count provide patient education on bleeding and brusing
64
Pentoxifylline
vasodilator and anti-inflammatory decreases blood viscosity & increases blood flow headache is a common side effect
65
Medication for HTN
alpha-adrenergic blockers angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) beta-adrenergic blockers calcium channel blockers alpa-2 adrenergic agonists direct vasodilators thiazide diuretics loop diuretics potassium-sparing diuretics
66
Alpa-adrenergic blockers
All end in ZOSIN give first dose at bedtime to minimize first dose syncope S/E of orthostatic hypotension, change positions slowly
67
Angiotensin converting enzymes ACE inhibitors
End in PRIL can have first dose syncope can have persistent dry cough can cause hyperkalemia risk of angioedema
68
angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS)
end in SARTAN Can cause angioedema Back up medication for ACE inhibitors Can cause angioedema
69
Beta Blockers
all end in LOL can cause bronchospasm - contraindicated in ANY respiratory diagnosis Can cause bradycardia and avoid in patients experiencing bradycardia or heart block Check apical pulse prior to administering if less than 60 HOLD medication If BP less than 110/60 HOLD medication
70
Calcium Channel Blockers
End in PINE except diltiazem and verapamil avoid with severe hypotension NO grapefruit juice use in caution with digoxin or another beta blocker as it could result in bradycardia
71
Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists
can cause sedation - administer at bedtime take with meals to avoid GI upset can cause decreased mental acuity and depression
72
Direct vasodilators
headache, palpitations, and rapid pulse may develop but should resolve within 10 days
73
Thiazide Diuretics
hydrocholorothiazide can deplete potassium, monitor for hypokalemia
74
Loop Diuretics
End in MIDES monitor for hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypomagnesmia
75
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
spironolactone can cause hyperkalemia

Community (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions