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General Chemistry > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

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1
Q

qualitative observation

A

information, in contrast, consists of nonnumerical observations, such as the color of a substance or its physical appearance

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2
Q

quantitative observation

A

information is numerical data, such as the mass of a substance

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3
Q

hypothesis

A

a tentative explanation or prediction in accord with current knowledge

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4
Q

theory

A

a well-tested unifying principle that explains a body of facts and the laws based on them

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5
Q

law

A

a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a behavior or a relation that seems always to be the same under the same conditions

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6
Q

describe the properties of matter in terms of kinetic molecular theory

A

according to this theory, all matter consists of extremely tiny particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in constant motion

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7
Q

motioning and positioning of particles of any substance as a solid

A

particles are packed closely together, usually in a regular pattern
particles vibrate back and forth about their average positions but seldom do particles squeeze past their immediate neighbors to come into contact with a new set of particles

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8
Q

motioning and positioning of particles of any substance as a liquid

A

the particles are arranged randomly rather than in the regular patterns found in solids.
the particles are not confined to specific locations and can move past one another

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9
Q

motioning and positioning of particles of any substance as a gas

A

the particles are far apart
molecules move extremely rapidly and are not constrained by their neighbors. The molecules fly about, colliding with one another and with the container walls.
this random motion allows molecules to fill their container, so the volume of the sample is the volume of the container

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10
Q

relate changes of state to the transfer of heat (energy)

A

the higher the temperature, the faster the particles move

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11
Q

mixture

A

combinations of pure substances

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12
Q

pure substance

A

same composition throughout

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13
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

uniform mixtures

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14
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

non-uniform mixtures

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15
Q

element

A

single type of atom

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16
Q

compound

A

two or more types of atoms

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17
Q

atoms

A

is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristic chemical properties of the element

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18
Q

molecules

A

particles consisting of more than one atom in which the atoms are held together by chemical bonds

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19
Q

ions

A

an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons so that it is no longer electrically neutral

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20
Q

chemical properties

A

characteristics that determine how the composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the influence or energy

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21
Q

physical properties

A

a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in composition

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22
Q

example of chemical properties

A

flammability, toxicity, acidity

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23
Q

example of physical properties

A

density, color, hardness, melting/boiling points

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24
Q

intensive property

A

do not depend on the amount of substance

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25
Q

extensive property

A

depend on the amount of substance present

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26
Q

physical change

A

any change in without an accompanying change in composition

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27
Q

chemical change

A

any change that involves a change in composition

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28
Q

physical change example

A

all changes of state; freezing, melting, dissolving, grinding solids into powders

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29
Q

chemical change example

A

formation of rust, combustion, cooking food

30
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy associated with motion

31
Q

potential energy

A

results from an object’s position or state

32
Q

kinetic energy example

A

The motion of macroscopic objects such as a moving tennis ball or automobile

33
Q

potential energy example

A

energy stored in an extended spring.

34
Q

molecular compound

A

A compound formed by the combination of atoms without significant ionic character

35
Q

ionic compound

A

(usually) formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal

36
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4

37
Q

Silver

A

Ag+

38
Q

Zinc

A

Zn2+

39
Q

Acetate

A

CH3CO2

40
Q

Carbonate

A

CO3

41
Q

Bicarbonate (Hydrogen Carbonate)

A

HCO3

42
Q

Clorite

A

ClO2

43
Q

Clorate

A

ClO3

44
Q

Chromate

A

CrO4

45
Q

Cyanide

A

CN

46
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH

47
Q

Nitrite

A

NO2

48
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3

49
Q

Phosphate

A

PO4

50
Q

Hydrogen Phosphate

A

HPO4

51
Q

Dihydrogen Phosphate

A

H2PO4

52
Q

Sulfite

A

SO3

53
Q

Sulfate

A

SO4

54
Q

Hydrochloric Acid

A

HCl

55
Q

Hydrobromic Acid

A

HBr

56
Q

Hydroiodic Acid

A

HI

57
Q

Sulfuric Acid

A

H2SO4

58
Q

Nitric Acid

A

HNO3

59
Q

Perchloric Acid

A

HClO4

60
Q

Lithium Hydroxide

A

LiOH

61
Q

Sodium Hydroxide

A

NaOH

62
Q

Potassium Hydroxide

A

KOH

63
Q

Barium Hydroxide

A

Ba(OH)2

64
Q

Strontium Hydroxide

A

Sr(OH)2

65
Q

Percent Error

A

((measured - accepted)/accepted) x 100

66
Q

Density

A

mass/volume

67
Q

Celsius to Kelvin

A

+273

68
Q

Kelvin to Celsius

A

-273

69
Q

kilogram

A

1 gram = 0.001

70
Q

milligram

A

1 gram = 1000

71
Q

microgram

A

1 gram = 10^6

72
Q

nanogram

A

1 gram = 10^9

General Chemistry (1 decks)

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