Exam One Flashcards
If BMI weight is less than 18.5, what is the total weight gain range during pregnancy?
28-40 lb
If BMI weight is 18.5-24.9, what is the total weight gain range during pregnancy?
25-35 lb
If BMI weight is 25-29.9, what is the total weight gain range during pregnancy?
15-25
If BMI weight is 30 or higher, what is the total weight gain range during pregnancy?
11-20 lb
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? List 3
Fatigue (12 weeks) Breast tenderness (3–4 weeks) Nausea and vomiting (4–14 weeks) Amenorrhea (4 weeks) Urinary frequency (6–12 weeks) Hyperpigmentation of the skin (16 weeks) Fetal movements known as quickening (16–20 weeks) Uterine enlargement (7–12 weeks) Breast enlargement (6 weeks)
what are probable signs of pregnancy? list 3
Braxton Hicks contractions (16–28 weeks) Positive pregnancy test (4–12 weeks) Abdominal enlargement (14 weeks) Ballottement (16–28 weeks) Goodell sign (5 weeks) Chadwick sign (6–8 weeks) Hegar sign (6–12 weeks)
What are positive times of pregnancy? list 3
Ultrasound verification of embryo or fetus (4–6 weeks)
Fetal movement felt by experienced clinician (20 weeks)
Auscultation of fetal heart tones via Doppler (10–12 weeks)
T/F: an at home positive pregnancy test 100% confirms the patient is pregnant
FALSE
What does lightening mean?
Baby drops
If the patient is 38 weeks pregnant, what is an expected fundal height? 30cm 40cm 28cm 34cm
40cm
What does goodell sign mean?
cervix begins to soften at 6-8 weeks
What is chadwick’s sign?
Increased vascularity causes color change, purple-blue
White, thick discharge is called what? Is this a normal finding?
Leukorrhea. Yes, this is a normal finding.
List some GI changes during pregnancy
Gums are swollen
Decreased lower esophageal sphincter
Stomach decreased tone and mobility with deleted gastric emptying, which increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux and vomiting
List 3 cardiovascular changes during pregnancy?
Lower hemoglobin and hematocrit Cardiac output increases Diastolic pressure decreases by 10-15 RBC increases throughout pregnancy Heart rate increases by 10-15 bpm between 14-20 weeks
List 3 changes of respiratory system during pregnancy
enlargement of the uterus shifts the diaphragm up to 4 cm above its usual position. As muscles and cartilage in the thoracic region relax, the chest broadens with conversion from abdominal breathing to thoracic breathing. This leads to a 50% increase in air volume per minute. Tidal volume, or the volume of air inhaled, increases gradually by 30–40% (from 500 to 700 mL) as the pregnancy progresses.
list 3 renal/urinary changes during pregnancy
renal pelvis becomes dilated
bladder tone decreases
blood flow to kidney increases due to increased cardiac output
List 3 musculoskeletal system changes during pregnancy
Distention of the abdomen with growth of the fetus tilts the pelvis forward, shifting the center of gravity. The woman compensates by developing an increased curvature (lordosis) of the spine.
Relaxation and increased mobility of joints occur because of the hormones progesterone and relaxin, which lead to the characteristic “waddle gait” that pregnant women demonstrate toward term.
list 3 changes in the intergumentary system
Hyperpigmentation
Striae gravidarum
linea nigra
melasma (mask of pregnancy)
List 3 changes in endorcine system during pregnancy
Controls the integrity and duration of gestation by maintaining the corpus luteum via hCG secretion; production of estrogen, progesterone, hPL, and other hormones and growth factors via the placenta; release of oxytocin (by the posterior pituitary gland), prolactin (by the anterior pituitary), and relaxin (by the ovary, uterus, and placenta).
List 3 changes in the immune system during pregnancy
A general enhancement of innate immunity (inflammatory response and phagocytosis) and suppression of adaptive immunity (protective response to a specific foreign antigen) take place during pregnancy. These immunologic alterations help prevent the mother’s immune system from rejecting the fetus (foreign body), increase her risk of developing certain infections, and influence the course of chronic disorders such as autoimmune diseases.
For a pregnant women, what is the caloric recommendation?
2,500
For a pregnant women, what is the protein recommendation?
80 g
For a pregnant women, what is the water intake recommendation?
8 glasses daily
For a pregnant women, what is the vit. a recommendation?
770 mcg
For a pregnant women, what is the vit. c recommendation?
85 mg
For a pregnant women, what is the vitamin D recommendation?
5 mcg
For a pregnant women, what is the calcium recommendation?
1,000 mcg
For a pregnant women, what is the iron recommendation?
27 mg
What are some examples of maternal emotional response?
Ambivalence (doubting, second guessing)
Acceptance
Mood swings
Change in body image
Definition of infertility
Inability to concieve a child AFTER a year
Primary infertiility and secondary interfility
Primary- means that they have never been able to conceive
Secondary- conceived once but at having problems conceiving again
Things to know for infertility
Treatment depends on cause
Medication or surgery is possible for treatment
Preconception care definition
promition of the health and well-being of a woman and her partner BEFORE pregnancy. Attempting to get into a healthy state
What is the gestational age time frame for pre-term births?
20-36.6
What is the gestational age time range for term births?
37-41.6
What type of laboratory tests are done during prenatal and follow up visits?
UA
blood studies (CBC, blood type, RH factor, glucose screening, rubells titer)
Cervical smear for STD detection
Ultrasound
How often should follow up visits be if you are anywhere between 4-28 weeks pregnant?
Every 4 weeks
How often should follow up visits be if you are 29-36 weeks preggo
every 2 weeks
How often should follow up visits be if you are 37+ weeks preggo
every week
What assessments, tests, or labs are done during subsequent/follow up visits
Assessment and vital signs Checking urine (backteria, protein) Graph weight gain fundal height fetal heart rate fetal movement teaching danger signs of pregnancy
Why is a pregnant women who is Rh negative given Rhogam at around 28 weeks?
keeps mom from building antibodies that can attack the baby who may be Rh positive
When is group b strep culture done
28-36 weeks
1 hour GCT’s are done how often?
every 24-28 weeks
Effects chlamydia may have on mom or fetus
mom- may be asymptomatic. posisble dysuria, urinary frequency, cervical discharge
Fetus- stillborn, preterm, opthalmia neonatorum
TREAT PARTNER TOO
Complications and treatment for chlamydia
complications- ectopic pregnancy, PID, sterility/infertility
Treatment- erythromycin or axithromycin
effects gonorrhea has on mom and fetus
mom- asymptomatic to dysuria, purlent vaginal discharge, PID
fetus- opthalmia neonatroum, sepsis
Definition of threatened abortions
have spotting, cramping with no passage of tissue or cervical dilation. Bedrest and pelvic rest are management