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bio lab > exam one > Flashcards

exam one Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

darwin _________ the world

A

revolutionized

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2
Q

when did darwin sail on the hms beagle?

A

1831-1836

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3
Q

when did darwin reach the galapagos

A

1835

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4
Q

what did darwin realize?

A

species could slowly change

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5
Q

who found dinosaurs?

A

owen

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6
Q

what did darwin believe?

A

species are not fixed

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7
Q

what idea did darwin come up with?

A

natural selection

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8
Q

why was darwin forced to publish his work?

A

other scientists were coming up with the same ideas as him

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9
Q

the world did not start out with _______ creatures

A

complex

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10
Q

what did marie currie dable in?

A

radiation

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11
Q

where did amphibians evolve?

A

the connected earth

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12
Q

what and when did watson and crick do?

A

made a dna structure in 1953

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13
Q

all ____ is related

A

life

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14
Q

where did life begin

A

the sea

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15
Q

what are sponges decendants of?

A

the first multicelled organisms

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16
Q

what did birds evolutionize from?

A

dinosaurs

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17
Q

what did darwin study on the islands

A

the finiches

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18
Q

what were the three main beak types darwin looked at and describe them.

A

needle beak- picked insects
woodpecker beak- picked larvae
cactus beak- dig through cactus needles

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19
Q

how many finches evolved from the original?

A

13

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20
Q

what happened to the finches in 1977

A

an 18 month drought occured, leading to 80% of the small beak species dying

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21
Q

what happened in 1983?

A

there was alot of raining, and the large beaks couldnt find food, so the small beaks grew in population

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22
Q

what is a species?

A

a group of living, similar individuals capable of exchanging genes and interbreeding

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23
Q

what two main differences do the finch spiecies have from one another?

A

they sing different songs and have different appearances

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24
Q

single celled organisms make up __% of all life (__ minutes out of sixty minutes)

A

83; 50

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25
Q

animals make up __% of life on earth (__ minutes out of sixty)

A

17; 10

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26
Q

humans make up __% of life on earth (__ out of sixty minutes)

A

.01; .01

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27
Q

when did animals first appear on earth

A

3.8 billion years ago (prokaryotes) and 1.8 billion years ago (eukaryotes)

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28
Q

what are the three physical traits of mammals

A

live birth
warm blooded
breathe air

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29
Q

explain translational form

A

fossils/organisms show the middle stages between the past form and its descendants form

30
Q

explained what happened to the sinonyx (wolf like creature)

A

its food source was the ocean, so over time its legs became fins and its fur disappeared

31
Q

how to fish swim compared to mammals?

A

fish swim from side to side and mammals swim by moving up and down

32
Q

what are tetrapods

A

four limbed veterbrstes

33
Q

how do tetrapods resemble humans

A

both have shoulder bones and have fingers/bones that resemble fingers

34
Q

what is an example of fish adaptions?

A

evolution of a hard shell

35
Q

what was the cambrain explosion?

A

an explosion of animal diversity

36
Q

what are triplobites

A

anthropods with an exoskeleton

37
Q

why are the burgess shales fossils important?

A

they are the earliest of all creatures with an exoskeleton

38
Q

what are pikaia

A

the earliest ancestors or vertebrate animals

39
Q

what are segmentation patterns

A

repeating units in a segmented organism, such as antlers

40
Q

what animal is closest related to humans?

A

chimpanzees

41
Q

humans vs. chimpanzees

  1. spinal column
  2. pelvis
  3. knee position
A

(human/chimp)

  1. skull points downward/back of skull
  2. short and squat/long and narrow
  3. close together/wide apart
42
Q

when did animals appear/the cambrain explosion happen

A

540 million years ago

43
Q

what is sickle cell anemia

A

an environmental disease that causes red blood cells to be mishapen and not enough oxygen delivery

44
Q

how many people in the US have sickle cell anemia

A

70k-125k

45
Q

what is sca related to?

A

malaria

46
Q

who studied lizards in the caribbean

A

johnathan losos

47
Q

describe the grass-bush anole

A

it has a long tail and lives in the grasses and bushes

48
Q

describe trunk-ground anoles

A

live on/close to the ground and have long legs

49
Q

describe twig anoles

A

live in trees and are tiny and slender

50
Q

describe the canopy anole

A

lives in the canopy of trees and are large and green

51
Q

when can evolution occur rapidly

A

when natural selection is strong

52
Q

what are the four types of animal tissue

A

connective, muscle, epithelial, and nervous.

53
Q

what is connective tissue used for

A

cushioning and support; allows joints to work/move

54
Q

what do muscle cells do

A

they help with movement

55
Q

what are epithelial cells used for

A

to tightly seal parts of the body, like the bladder and heart

56
Q

what do nervous tissue do?

A

conduct electrical impulses; allow functions to happen

57
Q

what are absorptive cells

A

hair like projections called microvilli that increases the area of absorption

58
Q

what is simple squamous and what does it do?

A

it is one layer, and irregularly shaped. it is epithelial.

it allows diffusion to occur rapidly

59
Q

transitional epothelial cells can _______.

A

stretch

60
Q

describe cardiac muscle tissue

A

it is cylinder and branched, striped, and involuntary

61
Q

describe skeletal muscle tissue

A

it has multiple nuclei, stiped, cylinder shaped, and voluntary

62
Q

describe smooth muscle tissue

A

spindle shaped, involuntary control

63
Q

what are the seven types of connective tissue and describe them.

A 
dense irregular- no organization
dense regular- cells line up
loose- anchors skin down 
adipose- fat that stores triglipsande
hard (cartilage AND bone)- live inside hollow cavities (matrix mineralizes)
blood- carry oxygen and fight sickness
64
Q

what surrounds tissue?

A

extracellular matrix

65
Q

what is the one type of nervous tissue and what does it look like?

A

neuron tissue; several branches interconnected with eachother

66
Q

define asymmetry

A

there is no symmetry because the body is irregularly shaped

67
Q

define radial symmetry

A

arranged around the central axis with multiple divisons

68
Q

define bilateral symmetry

A

body is divided into two mirroring halves

69
Q

what is a procimate cause?

A

a series of immediate physiological events

70
Q

what is an ultimate cause

A

selective advantages promote behaviot

bio lab (1 decks)

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