Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2019 PCM Final > Exam of Thoracic & Lumbar Spine > Flashcards

Exam of Thoracic & Lumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medical term for abnormal increased concavity of the thoracic spine?

A

lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the medical term for abnormal increased convexity of the lumbar spine?

A

kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What composes mechanics of the back?

A

vertebrae & IV discs
ligaments
large superficial & deep intrinsic muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bony structures of spine

A

vertebral body supports weight bearing

posterior vertebral arch encloses the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inspection of spine

A

assess of erect position of head, neck & back
for smooth, coordinated neck movements
ease of gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What to pay attention to during inspection

A 
spinous processes (C7 & T1)
paravertebral muscles on either side of midline
iliac crests
posterior superior iliac spine
line drawn above PSIS (crosses SP of L4)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Back flexion muscles

A

psoas major, psoas minor, quadratus lumborum, ab muscles attaching to anterior vertebrae, int & ext obliques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Back extension muscles

A

deep intrinsic muscles of back (erector spinae & transversospinalis groups)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Back rotation muscles

A

ab muscles, intrinsic muscles of back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Back lateral bending muscles

A

ab muscles, intrinsic muscles of back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spinal column ROM

A

if any of ROM produces pain or tenderness, w/ radiation into leg, proceed to neuro testing of lower extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Palpation of spine

A

SP of thoracic & lumbar spines
TP of thoracic & lumbar spines
paraspinal muscles of thoracic & lumbar spines
TART findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Step off

A

occurs in spondylolisthesis (forward slippage of 1 vertebra) may compress spinal cord

if 1 SP is unusually prominent in relation to 1 above it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sacroiliitis

A

tenderness over sacroiliac joints (palpate over PSIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

tenderness over sacroiliac joints (palpate over PSIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Percussion of T&L spine

A

pain w/ percussion occurs in vertebral osteoporotic fractures, infection & malignancy

17
Q

Straight leg test

A

+ test with pain

low specificity but high sensitivity for diagnosis of radiculopathy due to disc herniation (usually need other signs like muscle weakness or dermatome sensory loss)

18
Q

Crossed straight leg test

A

+ test is presence or worsening of radicular pain radiating into contralateral leg (esp between 30-60 degrees)

indicates lumbosacral radiculopathy and/or sciatic neuropathy

19
Q

Thoracic kyphosis

A

increases w/ aging

20
Q

pearl of scoliosis

A

lateral & rotatory curvature of spine brings head back to midline

unequal shoulder height
unequal height of iliac crest
deformity of thorax w/ forward bending

21
Q

unequal height of iliac crest

A

unequal leg lengths
scoliosis
hip abduction or hip adduction
listing of trunk to 1 side w/ herniated lumbar disc

22
Q

Muscle spasms or ankylosing spondylitis

A

persistence of lumbar lordosis

23
Q

What is common to OA & ankylosing spondylitis?

A

decreased spinal mobility

24
Q

Cauda Equina syndrome

A

condition of spinal nerve root compression by massive disc protrusion, fracture/trauma or tumor

presentation: low back pain, bladder or bowl dysfunction, sensory loss of perineum & decreased anal sphincter tone, bilateral sciatica & leg weakness

EMERGENT management & surgical decompression

25
Q

Spina bifida

A

congenital malformation leader to neural tube defects in lumbar spine

26
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

no spinal cord protrusion, asymptomatic, most common @ L5-S1

coarse patch of hair

27
Q

Meningocele

A

meninges out of vertebra

repair via surgery, usually no neuro damage

28
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

most common, spinal cord protrudes thru

very severe neuro complications

29
Q

Ferguson’s Angle

A

should be between 30-40

evaluate stability of lumbosacral region (lumbosacral angle & lumbar gravity line)

30
Q

Spondylolysis

A

defect or fracture in pars interarticularis of vertebral arch

31
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

anterior displacement of a vertebral body, usually result of defect in pars interarticularis

32
Q

OA (spondylosis)

A

age related wear & tear of spine due to encroachment on spinal canal w/ potential for radiculopathy & myelopathy (related to formation of osteoarthritic growths on bone)

33
Q

Disc herniation

A

rupture of nucleus pulposus causing protrusion of IV disc into spinal canal or externally into facet w/ potential for encroachment on spinal nerve roots

2019 PCM Final (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions