[Exam-Neuro-Upper Limb] Flashcards
What are three forms of involuntary movements?
Dystonia
Chorea
Myoclonus
A scar at the medial aspect of the elbow indicates what type of surgery?
Ulnar nerve decompression surgery
A scar at the flexor aspect of the wrist would indicate what type of surgery?
Median nerve decompression
Muscle wasting indicates what type of motor neurone lesions?
Lower motor neurone lesion
Fasciculations indicates what type of motor neurone lesion?
LMN lesion
What part of the brain is associated in the pathology of a pill-rolling resting tremor?
Extra-pyramidal tract lesion
How do you assess for pronator drift?
Outstretch arms with upwards facing palms with fingers spread out.
Inform patient to close eyes.
What does pronator drift suggest?
An upper motor neurone lesion in the brain or spinal cord on the contralateral side.
What bed-side paraphernalia is associated with an Upper limb neurological exam?
Feeding tubes
Walking aids
Glasses
Hearing aids
What is assessed on general inspection?
Bedside paraphernalia
Patient’s appearance - pain/agitation/confusion
Body habitus - Muscle wasting/cachectic
Abnormal movements
Facial droop
Posture
Any skin changes (Vasculitis, Cafe a lait spots)
What are the two types of hypertonia?
Spasticity - Velocity dependent (Faster = increased tone)- spastic catch
What is velocity dependent hypertonia?
Spasticity
What type of hypertonia is rigidity classified as?
Velocity-independent hypertonia (Leadpipe, feels throughout the movement).
Cogwheel rigidity at the wrist
Rigidity is associated with what type of lesion?
Extrapyramidal lesion
What is cogwheel rigidity associated with?
Rigidity superimposed on a tremor
