Exam (Matching) Flashcards
key terms
ethics
A discipline that deals with the nature of the good, the nature of the human person, and criteria that we use for making right judgements
morality
A system of right conduct based on fundamental beliefs and obligation to follow certain codes, norms, customs, and habits of behaviour
deontological ethics - Kant
Relating to philosophical theories that state that the moral content of an action is not wholly dependent on its consequences (duty driven)
teleological ethics - Aristotle
- Study of causes: The study of ultimate causes in nature
- Approach to Ethics: An approach to ethics that studies actions
- Goal Oriented Activity: Any activity that tends towards the achievement of a goal (purpose driven)
conscience
An inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one’s behavior
superego
The ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates
temperance
control over one’s acts, thoughts, or feelings : moderation, voluntary self-restraint
prudence
the ability to govern and discipline oneself by the use of reason: being careful about your choices, stopping and thinking before acting. It is a strength of restraint.
* ex. When you are prudent, you are not taking unnecessary risks, and not saying or doing things that you might later regret.
maxim
principles that govern behavior: duty is governed by these principles- must apply to everyone- these principles (maxims) tell us how we ought to act, but it is reason that determines how this duty is universally applicable
— Kents Famous Maxim
“I ought never to act except in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal law”
To put another way:
“ I should act in a way that I would want everyone else in the world to act”
sexuality
refers to the capacity for sexual feelings, as well as the ways individuals experience and express themselves as sexual beings.
- sexuality is viewed as a fundamental part of human identity and is often tied to concepts of love, relationships, and morality.
sex
The physical, emotional, and spiritual expression of intimacy and love between individuals, intended to reflect the sacredness of human relationships, procreation, and the commitment of marriage as outlined by moral and religious teachings.
* Sexual activity before marriage, often discussed in the context of religious teachings that advocate chastity and abstinence until marriage.
exegesis
Analysing texts within their original context
hermeneutics
Interpreting texts to help us understand their modern day significance
humanism
a worldview centered on human interest and values. The individual’s capacity for self-realization through reason and action.
- Humanists generally reject reference to the divine.
habit
refers to a regular and repeated behavior or practice that becomes ingrained over time. In religious contexts, habits can be both good and bad, and are often associated with virtues or vices that shape a person’s character and moral life. Developing good habits is seen as essential for spiritual growth and moral integrity.
commitment
Promise or pledge; resolve to carry something out in the future
parousia
Refers to the second coming of Christ at the end of time
apocalyptic literature
A popular style of writing at the time of Jesus that focused on the end of history & time; usually dealt with final war between good & evil
sin
Realizing when standing before God; the Holy One, that our actions do not measure up. It is an act, thought, or behaviour that goes against the law or teachings of the Catholic faith. Breaking the Commandments affects people’s relationship with God and with one another, especially when the person who commits it is aware of this.
- is a violation of our relationship with God or others .
human rights
refer to the fundamental freedoms and protections that every individual is entitled to, regardless of nationality, gender, race, or religion. These rights are based on the inherent dignity of the human person and are aimed at ensuring fairness, equality, and justice for all.
individualism
is a social and philosophical stance that emphasizes the importance of individual rights, freedom, and self-reliance. It values personal autonomy and the belief that individuals should have the ability to make their own decisions and determine their own life path, often in contrast to collective or societal norms.
determinism
A point of view that holds that human behavior is a product, not of free will, but of a complex array of physical, social, cultural, psychological and historical causes
human freedom
is the capacity to choose and act, creating change both in the world and in oneself. It emphasizes personal responsibility for voluntary actions and the potential to act or not act. Human freedom is recognized through commitments to others and is directed towards a higher purpose, such as God. It is a spiritual, transcendental ability that is not easily explained and is central to shaping one’s future and choices.
Magisterium
The official teaching office of the Church: the bishops in union with the bishop of Rome, the pope.
Canon Law
refers to the body of laws and regulations developed or adopted by the Catholic Church to govern its members and the Church’s activities. It covers a wide range of issues, including moral conduct, sacramental practices, the structure of the Church, and the rights and responsibilities of believers.
social determinism
is the belief that an individual’s behavior and choices are shaped by external social factors like upbringing, culture, trauma, and environment. It argues that people are influenced by their past experiences and the actions of others, leaving little room for free will or personal responsibility.
secularism
a worldview that rejects religion and religious considerations.
- Secularists accept only critical reasons.
revelation
Unveiling of something previously hidden or unknown. Used to describe the communication of divine truth or knowledge.
* Ways in how god makes himself known to humankind:
Scriptures
Creation
People
Jesus Christ
agent
One who acts, who has the capacity to initiate a course of events. A person to whom we ascribe actions. One who is responsible for his/her actions.
identity
The distinguishing character of a person
* My identity is determined in large part by the moral stance that I take in life
subjective
based on personal desire, considers personal context or motivations (choosing to skip class, cause i wanted to)
* ex. you decide to skip school and go to the movies
objective
based on universal moral laws or guidelines (skipping class is not right)
* ex. you decide to skip school and go to the movies
conversion
A radical transformation of values, a turning around, that takes place at the intellectual level as an awareness and openness to truth and true knowing, at the moral level when I recognize myself as free and responsible, and at the religious level where my preoccupation with myself is taken over with the love of God and love for others.
