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NETFUN > Exam Knowledge > Flashcards

Exam Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

UDP stands for what?

A

User Datagram Protocol

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2
Q

TCP stands for what?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

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3
Q

What are the basic network interconnect blocks?

A

Hubs, Routers & Switches

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4
Q

What are the layers of the OSI reference model?

A

Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical

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5
Q

Describe Connection Oriented protocols.

A

They require setup, are held open while in use, then cleared down. They have very good QoS. Virtual Circuits (SVC and PVC) exist to enable connection oriented protocols over connectionless networks.

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6
Q

What is a datagram?

A

A datagram is a basic transfer unit associated with a packet-switched network in which the delivery, arrival time, and order of arrival are not guaranteed by the network service.

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7
Q

Describe Connectionless Protocols.

A

Full addressing on every datagram/packet/frame. No concept of connection or delivery. Uses switches and routers. Similiar to the postal service.

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8
Q

What is the role of the Protocol?

A

Handles “What If” conditions. Provides end-to-end integrity.

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9
Q

Compare TCP vs UDP.

A

TCP is connection based, UDP is not. TCP re-orders packets into their correct order, UDP has no inherent order. UDP is faster as it has no error-checking. TCP is more reliable, as UDP makes no guarantee packets sent will reach the destination at all. UDP is used in time-critical situations such as VoIP or streaming video. TCP is used in HTTP.

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10
Q

What is contained in a packet header?

A

Source port, destination port, check sum

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11
Q

In the design of a network, there is a need to have adequately high … to ensure delay is acceptable.

A

Bandwidth.

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12
Q

What is attenuation?

A

A type of transmission impairment where the signal looses strength due to resistance in the transmission medium.

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13
Q

What type of connector is used for Fibre Optic connections?

A

BNC.

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14
Q

What is a subnet?

A

Used to mask portions of the IP address so that TCP/IP can tell the difference between network ID and the host ID.

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15
Q

What cables are largely resistant to electromagnetic interference?

A

Fibre Optic.

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16
Q

An example of a circuit switched network is?

A

The telephone network.

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17
Q

What is a three-way handshake?

A

Used by TCP to establish a connection.

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18
Q

What is the 802.5 standard?

A

Token Ring

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19
Q

What is the 802.3 standard?

A

Ethernet

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20
Q

What is the 802.11 standard?

A

Wireless (Wi-Fi)

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21
Q

What is the 802.16 standard?

A

WiMAX / Broadband wireless

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22
Q

What happens in a broadcast transmission?

A

All nodes on LAN receive the information. Multicast is selected group, Unicast is one.

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23
Q

CSMA/CD stands for what?

A

Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection.

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24
Q

What is CSMA/CD and how does it work?

A

CSMA/CD is a method of checking if the frame can be sent across the network successfully, and halting the transmission if a collision is detected. First the transmission medium is checked for other transmissions. If it is idle, it begins transmitting. If a collision occurs, the data station will wait a certain amount of time before trying to retransmit.

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25
Q

What are some services that operate on OSI layer 2.

A

Services operating on the Data Link Layer include Encapsulation of network layer data packets into frames, MAC addressing and QoS control.

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26
Q

Internet Protocol (IP) services use which level of the OSI model?

A

Layer 3 - Network.

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27
Q

What are 6 areas of network management?

A

Configuration, Performance, Security, Accounting, Faults and Management

28
Q

Give 5 examples of different network topologies.

A

Bus, Mesh, Tree, Token Ring, Star

29
Q

What are some features about the Token Ring topology?

A

Single point of failure (unless double ring, which can heal). It can be slow. There are no collisions. Insecure as all data goes through all nodes.

30
Q

What are some features of the Bus topology?

A

Slow, Inexpensive, Prone to collisions, Single point of failure. Data can “run off” and be lost.

31
Q

What are some features of the Mesh topology?

A

Expensive and more difficult to install as all clients must be interconnected. No single point of failure.

32
Q

What are some features of the Star topology?

A

Clients are connected to a central switch/hub. Single point of failure. Scalable.

33
Q

TCP & UDP are at what layer of the OSI model?

A

Layer 4, the Transport layer.

34
Q

The Network layer of the OSI model is responsible for what?

A

Packet forwarding and routing, using IP addresses.

35
Q

The data link layer is responsible for what?

A

The data link layer is responsible for media access control, flow control and error checking.

36
Q

What is an example of a protocol active on the 5th OSI model layer?

A

PPTP, ASP

37
Q

What services operate on layer 6 of the OSI model?

A

Data conversion and compression.

38
Q

What protocols appear in OSI model layer 7?

A

Some protocols on the Application layer include HTTP, FTP, SSH.

39
Q

Packets occur at which layer of the OSI model?

A

Layer 3 - network

40
Q

Routers operate at which layer?

A

Layer 3 - Network

41
Q

Bridges and Switches operate at which layer?

A

Layer 2 - Data Link

42
Q

Modems and Repeater Hubs operate at which layer?

A

Layer 1 - Physical

43
Q

EIA/TIA-232, RJ45 are associated with which layer?

A

Layer 1 - Physical

44
Q

Ethernet, Frame Relay, FDDI are associated with which layer?

A

Layer 2 - Data Link

45
Q

Applications can assume reliable delivery with which protocol?

A

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

46
Q

Which protocol is used in VoIP?

A

UDP - User Datagram Protocol

47
Q

When Connectionless UDP is used the application performs any needed _______?

A

Recovery; Can repeat the request after a time-out.

48
Q

The ______ layer defines how to start, control and end conversations (called sessions) between applications.

A

Session

49
Q

True/False: Protocol control is added and removed at each layer.

A

True.

50
Q

What do the values 62.5/125 µm mean in relation to fibre cable?

A

Core size, then cladding diameter.

51
Q

Multimode optical fibre has a maximum data rate of?

A

1 Gbit/s

52
Q

What is the maximum fibre length?

A

500m for 1Gbit/s, 1000m for lower data rates.

53
Q

Fibre optic LANs are usually

A

Multimode graded index

54
Q

What is the best available communication medium and why?

A

Fibre Optic, as lightweight, small, difficult to tap, and provides excellent electrical noise immunity.

55
Q

What is the maximum speed of single-mode fibre, the maximum length, and the reason multi-mode is cheaper?

A

Up to 10 Gbit/s, up to 40Km, requires expensive high-power laser.

56
Q

Flow Control allows the ______ to control the rate of data.

A

Reciever.

57
Q

Which are the characteristics assorted with ATM?

A

QoS, AAL, OC3

58
Q

What switches IP packets along a path selected by the routing protocol?

A

MPLS

59
Q

The major motivation in the development of IPv6 is?

A

Have many more available registered IP addresses.

60
Q

Frame Relay has a CIR (Committed Information Rate) and a what?

A

EIR - Extended/Excess Information Rate. CIR is guaranteed, EIR may be dropped.

61
Q

192.100.68.14 is an example of an?

A

IP Address

62
Q

The legacy world-wide form of packets-switching network is called X._____, which has been replaced in many instances by frame relay.

A

X.25

63
Q

If a frame-relay network becomes congested - which frames might be discarded?

A

Those sent about the CIR, EIR frames are discard eligible.

64
Q

AAL5 is related to which technology?

A

ATM

65
Q

ATM sends data in small units called _______, which consists of a ____ byte (octet) header and a _____ byte (octet) payload.

A

ATM sends data in small units called cells, which consists of a 5 byte (octet) header and a 48 byte (octet) payload.

66
Q

ATM is a connection-oriented protocol. True/False.

A

True. Requires virtual circuits.

67
Q

A “virtual circuit” is synonymous with:

A

Connectionless Protocols.

NETFUN (1 decks)

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