Exam III: special topic

Question 1

Slide 2

Since SARS-CoV-2 infects the ciliated ___(a)___ cells, these surface protrusions on infected cells help spread the particles through “___(b)___”

a) lung, lung epithelial
b) infection, spread, surfing

Answer 1

Since SARS-CoV-2 infects the ciliated lung epithelial cells, these surface protrusions on infected cells help spread the particles through “surfing”

Question 2

Slide 2

It was proposed that cell to cell transmission of the virion may involve virion surfing on __(a)___, a mechanism not known before

a) lung epithelial cells, filopodia, cilia

Answer 2

It was proposed that cell to cell transmission of the virion may involve virion surfing on filopodia, a mechanism not known before

Question 3

Slide 3

Delayed __(a)__ response increases disease severity and induces the “cytokine storm”.

a) T cell, B cell, IFN-I

Answer 3

Delayed IFN-I response increases disease severity and induces the “cytokine storm”.

Question 4

Slide 3

Delayed IFN Class – I induces the ”cytokine storm” by…
- Increased release of the inflammatory __(a)__ cause immunopathology

• Important inflammatory cytokines (3): __(b)__

a) cytokines, T cells, B cells
b) T cells, B cells, TNFα, INF-I, IL6, IL1β, filopodia

Answer 4

Delayed IFN Class – I induces the ”cytokine storm” by…
- Increased release of the inflammatory cytokines cause immunopathology

• Important inflammatory cytokines: TNFα, IL6, IL1β

Question 5

Slide 3

Which of the following is implicated in the SARS-CoV2 induced cytokine storm?

a) filopodia
b) TNFα
c) Delayed IFN Class – I
d) IL6
e) IL1β

Answer 5

c) Delayed IFN Class – I induced ”cytokine storm”

Question 6

Slide 4

C terminal domain of __(a)__ binds to the __(b)__ ribosomal subunit and blocks host mRNA to form translational initiation complexes (mRNA translation is inhibited)

a) Nsp14, Nsp1, Nsp16
b) 20S, 40S, 60S

Answer 6

C terminal domain of Nsp1 binds to the 40S ribosomal subunit and blocks host mRNA to form translational initiation complexes

Question 7

Slide 4

Host Translational Shutdown by SARS-CoV2 : __(a)__ acts as a host shut off factor

a) Nsp14, Nsp1, Nsp16

Answer 7

Host Translational Shutdown by SARS-CoV2 : Nsp1 acts as a host shut off factor

Question 8

Slide 4

__(a)__ binds to Nsp1 with higher affinity than the 40S ribosomal subunit (viral mRNA translation is not inhibited)

a) 3’UTR, 5’UTR

Answer 8

5’UTR binds to Nsp1 with higher affinity than the 40S ribosomal subunit (viral mRNA translation is not inhibited)

Question 9

Slide 4

How does Nsp1 inhibit the host translation?

a) It binds to the 40S ribosomal subunit, and blocks host mRNA translation
b) It binds to the 5’UTR region, and blocks host mRNA translation

Answer 9

a) It binds to the 40S ribosomal subunit, and blocks host mRNA translation

Question 10

Slide 7

__(a)__ also can translocate into the nucleus and bind U1 and U2 snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) of the spliceosomes, and disrupt host mRNA splicing and nuclear export of the mature mRNAs

a) Nsp14, Nsp1, Nsp16

Answer 10

Nsp16 also can translocate into the nucleus and bind U1 and U2 snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) of the spliceosomes, and disrupt host mRNA splicing and nuclear export of the mature mRNAs

Question 11

Slide 13

__(a)__ is an accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV that is associated with TOM70

a) IL-6, Orf9b, IL1RA

Answer 11

Orf9b is an accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV

Question 12

Slide 13

Normally, __(a)__ (a chaperone protein) binds to __(b)__, leading to TBK1 recruitment to Hsp90. TBK1 then phosphorylates __(c)__, which induces interferon α and β transcription and activation

a) Hsp90, IL-6
b) TOM70, Orf9b
c) IL1RA, INK3

Answer 12

Normally, Hsp90 (a chaperone protein) binds to TOM70, leading to TBK1 recruitment to Hsp90. TBK1 then phosphorylates INK3, which induces interferon α and β transcription and activation

Question 13

Slide 13

When __(a)__ is bound to TOM70, Hsp90 binding is reduced 29-fold. This inhibits the interferon transcription and part of the innate immune response.

a) Orf9b, INK3, IL1RA

Answer 13

When Orf9b is bound to TOM70, Hsp90 binding is reduced 29-fold. This inhibits the interferon transcription and part of the innate immune response.

Question 14

Slide 13

How does Orf9b repress the transcription of the IFNs?

a) By binding to INK3 (mitochondria protein) and then inactivation of the Hsp90 protein (blocking the down stream signaling), transcription is inhibited
b) By binding to TOM70 (mitochondria protein) and then inactivation of the INK3 protein (blocking the down stream signaling), transcription is inhibited
c) By binding to Hsp90 (mitochondria protein) and then inactivation of the TOM70 protein (blocking the down stream signaling), transcription is inhibited
d) By binding to TOM70 (mitochondria protein) and then inactivation of the Hsp90 protein (blocking the down stream signaling), transcription is inhibited

Answer 14

d) By binding to TOM70 (mitochondria protein) and then inactivation of the Hsp90 protein (blocking the down stream signaling), transcription is inhibited

Question 15

Slide 13

Cascade reaction: By binding to __(a)__, HSV binding is reduced, inactivation of __(b)__ occurs (blocks the down stream signaling)

a) HSV90, TBK1, TOM70
b) HSV90, TBK1, TOM70

Answer 15

Cascade reaction: By binding to TOM70, HSV binding is reduced, inactivation of HSV90 occurs (blocks the down stream signaling)

Question 16

Topic 10, slide 4

Internilization of the viron (is / is not) a part of assembly

Answer 16

Internilization of the viron is not a part of assembly

Question 17

Topic 10, slide 21

Packaging signals: what is required for RNA genomes (example of HIV-1)

a) AΨ(psi) sequence near the 5′-terminus of the HIV-1 RNA and the diploid (two copies) of the RNA genome
b) The Cysteines and Histidines in Box 1 and Box 2 of the nucleocapsid protein
c) Basic (plus charged) amino acids near the N terminal and in between the Box 1 and 2 of the nucleocapsid protein
d) All of the others

Answer 17

d) All of the others

Question 18

Topic 11, slide 44

The Pi3K (Phosphoinositol 3-kinase)-Akt-mTor signaling pathwaycan perform:

a) Actin remodeling
b) Apoptosis
c) Autophagy
d) Cell growth and proliferation
e) All of the others

Answer 18

e) All of the others

Question 19

Topic 11, slide 46

Influenza virus mediated signaling mechanisms:

a) Activation of Akt via Pi3K (orange and green arrow)
b) Clustering of the receptor protein tyrosine kinase (Rptk) on lipid rafts and phosphorylation (redbox)
c) Actin remodeling for viral entry via endosome formation (orange arrow)
d) Increased the activity of endosomal vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) which pumps protons into the vesicles via Rptk, Pi3K/Mapk1/3 signaling (purple arrows)
e) All of the others

Answer 19

e) All of the others

Question 20

Topic 13, slide 121

A gene __(a)__ can stop production of a certain receptor; but many in instances, scientists have found that the viruses can use a(n) __(b)__ receptor

a) stopper, knockout, end condon
b) B cell, T cell, alternative

Answer 20

A gene knockout can stop production of a certain receptor; but many in instances, scientists have found that the viruses can use an alternative receptor