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Cell Biology > Exam III Review Questions > Flashcards

Exam III Review Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the diameter of actin?

A

7-8 nm

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2
Q

What end do actin filaments grow from most rapidly?

A

(+) end or barbed end

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3
Q

Which side is expected to always have actin bound to ADP?

A

(-) end or pointed end

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4
Q

What is the protein complex that allows for branching patterns?

A

Arp2/3

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5
Q

What protein increases the concentration of actin bound to ATP?

A

profilin

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6
Q

What causes a long unbranched strand?

A

formin

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7
Q

What is the monomer of a microtubule?

A

protofilin (13)

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8
Q

What makes up the protofilaments?

A

a dimer of alpha and beta tubulin

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9
Q

What is the state of the alpha and beta tubulin (what else is attached to it and where)?

A
  • GTP is on the beta tubulin
  • GTP is between the alpha and the beta tubulin (never gets hydrolysized)
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10
Q

What is a centriole composed of?

A

9 microtubule triplets (13 in the “a” microtubule, 10 in “b” and 10 in “c”)

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11
Q

Dynein typically moves towards the _____ end and kinesin typically moves towards the ___ end of microtubules.

A

minus; plus

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12
Q

Why do microtubules disassemble?

A

a microtubule loses its GTP cap + a depolymerase removes tubulin-GTP

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13
Q

what is similar between microtubules + actin filaments?

A

polarity

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14
Q

what is the diameter of a microtubial?

A

24-25 nm

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15
Q

what is the diameter of an intermediate filament?

A

10-12 nm

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16
Q

what type of cells are keratins in?

A

epithelial cells

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17
Q

how are intermediate filaments different from actin and microtubules?

A

they lack polarity

18
Q

what happens if there is a mutation in my keratin?

A

skin could fall off

19
Q

what glycerol phospholipids have a negative charge?

A

phosphatidylinositol + phosphatidylserine

20
Q

What is the difference between a sphingolipid and a glycerol lipid?

A

sphingolipids do not have a glycerol backbone

21
Q

What is an amyloplast?

A

a leucoplast that stores starch

22
Q

What is the difference in structure between a chromoplast and a chloroplast?

A

pigments

23
Q

What do chromoplasts have that chloroplasts don’t?

A

thylakoid membrane

24
Q

What phospholipids will you expect to find in high amounts on the outer membrane?

A

sphingomyelin, glycolipids & phosphatidylcholine

25
Q

What phospholipids will you expect to find in high amounts on the inner membrane?

A

phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine & phosphatidylethanolamine

26
Q

Where is cholesterol found?

A

a lot on the outside of the phospholipid bilayer (but also some on the inside)

27
Q

What are the names of the proteins that are involved in the fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane?

A

V-SNARE –> vesicle
T-SNARE –> target

28
Q

How many polypeptide chains are in a V-SNARE?

A

1

29
Q

How many polypeptide chains are in a T-SNARE?

A

3

30
Q

What protein will be found on the target + the vesicle?

A

Rab proteins

31
Q

What’s a multiple vesicular body + where is it coming from?

A

It’s a vesicle made up of vesicles. Comes from an early endosome.

32
Q

Where are Tim22 located + what do they do?

A

Located: inner membrane
Function:

33
Q

Where are Tim23 located + what do they do?

A

Location: inner membrane
Function:

34
Q

Where are Tom complexes located + what do they do?

A

Located: outer membrane
Function:

35
Q

Where are Oxa1 translocases located + what do they do?

A

Located: inner membrane
Function: puts transmembrane proteins in the inner membrane; can do single + mulitpass; does it with info from the mitochondria

36
Q

What components are needed to make lipid rafts?

A

cholesterol & sphingolipids

37
Q

What would the equilibrium potential be when there is 150mM of sodium ions outside the cell and 15mM of sodium ions inside the cell.
This will be at body temperature (310K)
R = 8.314 J/mol*K
F = 96,485 coulombs/mol
z = charge of the ion

A

61.5 mV

38
Q

What would the equilibrium potential be when there is 150mM of chloride ions outside the cell and 13mM of chloride ions inside the cell.
This will be at body temperature (310K)
R = 8.314 J/mol*K
F = 96,485 coulombs/mol
z = charge of the ion

A

-65.3 mV

39
Q

What would the equilibrium potential be when there is 2mM of calcium ions outside the cell and 0.0002mM of calcium ions inside the cell.
This will be at body temperature (310K)
R = 8.314 J/mol*K
F = 96,485 coulombs/mol
z = charge of the ion

A

123.08 mV

40
Q

What would the equilibrium potential be when there is 5mM of potassium ions outside the cell and 100mM of potassium ions inside the cell.
This will be at body temperature (310K)
R = 8.314 J/mol*K
F = 96,485 coulombs/mol
z = charge of the ion

A

-80 mV

41
Q

How many sodium ions are pumped into the cell to restore normal ion concentrations?

A

0

Cell Biology (8 decks)

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