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Immunology Quiz III & Exam III Material > Exam III Review > Flashcards

Exam III Review Flashcards

1
Q

BCR (B cell receptors) & Abs

A

-Directly recognize antigens
-Can recognize diverse antigens (protein, lipids, carbs, nucleic acids)

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2
Q

TCR (T cell receptors)

A

-can only recognize antigens presented in the context of MHC molecules
-only recognize peptide antigens

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3
Q

Accessory molecules for signal transduction aside from CD3 complex

A

Zeta Zeta

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4
Q

LFA1 (CD11)

A

Integrin that docks T cell to APC

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5
Q

T cell proliferation and differentiation

A

-Gene rearrangement / somatic recombination occur during T cell development
-Recombinase enzyme coded by RAG proteins on chromosome 11
-NO somatic hypermutation
-NO class switching

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6
Q

ITAMS

A

-activated by phosphorylation
-accessory proteins
-essential for signal transduction

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7
Q

MHC (Major histocompatibility Complex)

A

-MHC recognize PROTEIN AGS ONLY
-MHC is needed for T cells to recognize Ags

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8
Q

MHC I

A

-found on ALL NUCLEATED CELLS
-present endogenous (Intracellular) peptides; includes self proteins and viral/bacterial proteins
-presents peptides of 8-11 amino acids
-T cytotoxic CD8 activation

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9
Q

MHC II

A

-T helper cell (CD4) activation
-present exogenous (extracellular) peptides
-found on APCs (B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages)
-role: produce cytokines to tell other immune cells what to do (humoral and cellular response)

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10
Q

Antigen processing of MHC I occurs in the

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

IL1

A

Increases permeability of vascular endothelium; stimulates IL6 production

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12
Q

IL6

A

Acts on the liver to produce acute phase proteins -> inflammation

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13
Q

IL8

A

Attracts & activates neutrophils; increase permeability of vascular endothelium

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14
Q

IL12

A

Activates NK cells; influences lymphocyte differentiation

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15
Q

Assembly with MHC I or MHC II depends on…

A

The route through the cell

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16
Q

Superantigens

A

-activate large #s of T cells without attaching to the groove of MHC molecules
-nonspecific attachment & activation
-binds beta subunit of MHC

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17
Q

Lck

A

Tyrosine kinase associate with the tails of CD4/CD8V mediate the phosphorylation of ITAMS

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18
Q

CD11 (LFA1)

A

Binds CD54 (ICAM 1 on APC)

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19
Q

CD28

A

Binds B7 on APC

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20
Q

CD3 Complex

A

6 peptide chains

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21
Q

T Cells only recognize

A

Processed peptide antigens presented by MHC

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22
Q

B Cells recognize

A

Naive / Unaltered conformational Ags

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23
Q

Thymus Independent “TI”

A

-T cells are not needed
-Non protein antigens
-only IgM is produced
-NO ISOTYPE SWITCHING
-activation is costimulated by CD21 (CR2) - binds C3d, CD81, CD19
-some memory B cells
-little / no affinity maturation

24
Q

Thymus Dependent “TD”

A

-T helper cells are required
-Protein Ags
-BCR clonal expansion & differentiation require signals from T helpers
-Induce GC responses
-Isotype switching takes place

25
Q

CD40

A

Binds CD40L on the T helper cell; promotes B cell activation, isotype switching, other APC functions
CD40L deficiency —> hyper IgM syndrome - bc no class switching

26
Q

B7

A

Binds CD28 (on T helpers)

27
Q

IL4

A

B cells proliferation (+IL2); IL4 alone —> IgE
IL4 + IFN GAMMA —> IgG

28
Q

IL5

A

B cell differentiation into plasma cells; IL5 + TGF, BAFF -> IgA; activates eosinophils

29
Q

IL6

A

B cell differentiation into plasma cells

30
Q

Isotype Switching

A

-requires cytokines signal from T helper cell (CD40-CD40L)
-constant portion of heavy chain changes; effector end changes
-variable region stays the same

31
Q

Affinity Maturation

A

-occurs in GCs
= the result of somatic hypermutation followed by positive selection of high affinity B cells
-high affinity B cells give rise to long-lived plasma & memory cells

32
Q

Primary Ab Response

A

Generates memory B cells

33
Q

Secondary Ab Response

A

Rapid recognition & Ab synthesis - memory B cells; rapid isotype switching from IgM -> IgG; stronger response = more IgG and higher affinity

34
Q

IgM

A

First produced

35
Q

IgA

A

Found in secretions

36
Q

IgD

37
Q

IgG

A

Most prevalent, crosses placenta

38
Q

IgE

A

Allergic reactions; Multicellular parasites

39
Q

Agglutination

A

-clumping of particles
-IgM, IgG, IgA

40
Q

Opsonization

A

-pathogen is marked
-IgG

41
Q

Neutralization

A

-IgM, IgG, IgA

42
Q

Complement

A

-cascade event
-IgM, IgG

43
Q

Th1

A

-Intracellular infection (Bacteria, Virus , Protozoa) cell mediated
-Differentiation by: IL-12, IFN Gamma
-Secretes IFN Gamma, TNF, IL-10, IL-13

44
Q

Th2

A

-parasites & allergies (humoral immunity)
-diff by IL-4
-secretes IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13

45
Q

Th17

A

-fungal & extracellular bacteria
-diff by IL-6, TGF Beta
-secretes IL-17, IL-22

46
Q

Thregulatory

A

-suppress response to prevent autoimmunity & limit tissue damage
-secretes IL-10 & TGF

47
Q

Complement System

A

Made in the liver, generate innate and adaptive immune responses

48
Q

What is the central protein?

49
Q

The 3 activation pathways all aim to activate

A

C3 (THE CENTRAL PROTEIN)

50
Q

Opsonization

A

C3b (marks the pathogen for destruction)

51
Q

MAC

A

-common among all 3 pathways
-MAC = C5b + C6 + C7 + C8 + C9
-opsonization of pathogens + removal by phagocytosis + cell lysis

52
Q

Classical & Lectin

A

C3 -> C4b2a
C5 -> C4b2a3b

53
Q

Alternative pathway

A

C3 convertase -> C3bBb
C5 convertase -> C3bBb3b

54
Q

Activation of naive B cells is best achieved by?

A

Dendritic cells

55
Q

What type of antigens induce germinal centers?

A

T dependent

56
Q

Activation by Superantigens

A

Attaches to the beta

57
Q

T helper 17 for

A

Neutrophil activation

Immunology Quiz III & Exam III Material (4 decks)

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