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Clinical Laboratory > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

Properly labeled specimen collections include

A
  • Name
  • Patient identification number
  • Source of the specimen
  • Date and time of collection
  • Special instructions/comments
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2
Q

Special instructions/comments

can include

A

Precautions e.g. Smallpox, anthrax, etc.

Travel to certain endemic areas

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3
Q

Threat Agents - Contagious

A
  • Bacillus anthracis *Brucella species
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei *Francisella tularensis
  • Yersinia pestis *Blastomyces *Hystoplasma
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4
Q

Require special culture media

A
  • Bordetella pertussis *Clostridium species
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae* *E. coli O157:H7
  • Legionella pneumophila *Vibrio cholerae
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
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5
Q

Greatest likelihood of recovering the suspected agent

A
  • Viruses during acute phase
  • Bacteria before antibiotics started
  • Parasites/Fungi no special guidance
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6
Q

Tissue or fluid specimen guideline

A

aspirate is superior to a swab for pathogen recovery

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7
Q

If Delays required for

Urine, sputum, respiratory specimens, and stool

A

Refrigerated

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8
Q

If Delays required for Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), body fluids, and blood culture

A

Room Temperature

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9
Q

The following specimen require?
Viruses – viral transport media (VTM)
Stool – Cary-Blair media
Stool parasites – formalin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

A

A tranport Media

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10
Q

Diseases that require reporting to governement agency

A 
Botulism
Brucellosis
Anthrax
Tularemia
Rabies
Plague
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11
Q

Bacteremia, endocarditis, sepsis require____ specimen collection Bottles prior to _____

A

2;Antibiotics

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12
Q

(2 or more) per episode
1 “set” = 1 aerobic and 1 anaerobic bottle
Different sites/time
No more than 4 total sets within 24 hrs

A

Blood Culture

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13
Q

Pediatric Patients blood culture require

A

1 Bottle

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14
Q

Sufficient blood volume (fill line)

Adults_____ ml, Infants/children _____ml

A

20-30ml; 1-5ml

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15
Q

Growth of the same organism in repeated cultures

indicates

A

True Positive

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16
Q

Growth of different organisms in different culture bottles indicates

A

Probable contamination, bowel spillage

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17
Q

if the following are present; Coag. NEG. Staphylococci, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Propionibacterium, indicates

A

Growth of normal skin flora – likely contamination

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18
Q

Organisms such as viridans streptococci or enterococci

A

Possible endocarditis – associated with low grade fevers

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19
Q

Nasal swabs are used to identify carriers of

A

methicillin resistant S. aureus

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20
Q

Throat swab primarily for _________ but suspect?

A

Group A streptococcal pharyngitis

Neisseria, Bordetella, Corynebacterium,

21
Q

Lower respiratory Tract specimens

A

Bronchoscopy Specimens and Sputum and Tracheal Aspirates

22
Q

specimens for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in ventilated patients and opporttunistic pathogens

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and protected brush

23
Q

Sputum (expectorated or induced) and tracheal aspirate for suspected

A

Pneumonia

24
Q

Urinary Tract SPecimens

A

UTI, Pylonephritis, Cystitis,

25
Q

Collection Procedure types

A

Clean catch-
Catheter-
Suprapubic Aspirate-Neonates

26
Q

Genital Tract specimens

A
  • Swab, Aspirate,Urine
  • Vaginal secretions
  • Endocervical and urethral specimens; Chlamydia/Gonorrhea
  • Vesicles-HVS
  • Ulcers; Syhilis
27
Q

Reject criteria

A
  • Improper labeling
  • Wrong specimen container
  • Leakage
  • Duplicate, repeat specimens
  • Sterile body fluid- stat
28
Q

Panic Values

A
  • CSF or Joint fluid
  • Pos, Cryptoccocal Ag detection
  • Pos. Acid Fast bacillus, Pos. CSF culture and TB
  • Isolation of E.Coli
  • Pathogenic Neisseria
29
Q

To isolate virus which is best indicated in Nasopharyngeal specimen

A

Nasal Wash

30
Q

Upper respiratory pathogens suspected specific of specialized media

A

Bordetella, corynebacterium, Neisseria

31
Q

Genital tract infections suspected urethritis specimen

A

Urine or Swab

32
Q

Stool cultures most common pathogens

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter

33
Q

Pathogen related to hospital acquired diarrhea due to ABX

A

Clostridium Difiicile

34
Q

Inpatients on ABX for three days the recommendation is

A

No stool cultures

35
Q

Suceptibility test drug of choice is based on

A

Susceptibility, cost, and availability

36
Q

Tuberculosis specimen requirements include

A

1st morning sputum w/ Acid Fast Bacilli

37
Q

Parasitology specimens ensure

A

stool preservative for ova and parasites

38
Q

In tissue and subcutaneous lesions _____ are better than ______

A

Tissue; Swabs

39
Q

In genital tract specimens, _________ have replaced culture

A

Molecular Assay

40
Q

For a genital Tract specimen swab, aspirate or urine perform the following

A
  • Gram Stain -Aspirated

- Wet mounts for motility

41
Q

2nd line of Immune system defense

A

Innate Arm

  • Complement, lysozyme, interferon
  • Macrophages, Neutrophils, NKC (Cell mediated)
42
Q

3rd Line of immune defense

A
  • Cytokines, Abs

- Helper T, B Lymphocytes, plasma cells

43
Q

Immunoglobulins that indicates current infection

(Acute or convalescent) binds second

A

IgG

44
Q

Immunoglobulin that binds first during first response

A

IgM

45
Q

Ummunoglobulin that binds first in second response

A

IgM and IgG simultaneously

46
Q

Is a way of expressing concentration or quantitative information of a pathogen

A

Titer

47
Q

Positive=Anti-HAV IgM

Positive= Anti-HAV IgG

A

Acute Hepatitis

48
Q

Negative=Anti-HAV IgM

Positive= Anti-HAV IgG

A

Resolved Hep A

49
Q

Negative=Anti-HAV IgM

Negative=Anti-HAV IgG

A

No contact w/ HAV

Clinical Laboratory (1 decks)

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