Exam III Flashcards
What is ideal gas law?
PV = nRT; P=pressure, V=volume, n=# of mols, T=temp in Kelvin, R=0.0821
convert 760mmHg to torr, atm, psi, pascals
760 torr, 1 atm, 14.7 psi, 101,325 pascals
Which Gas Law? For a fixed amount of a gas at constant temp, the volume is inverse to the pressure
Boyle’s Law
What is Boyle’s Law?
P1V1 = P2V2
Which Gas Law? The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly propotional to its temp in K
Charle’s Law
What is Charle’s Law?
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Which Gas Law? At a fixed temp and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the # of mols of that gas
Avogadro’s Law
What is Avogadro’s Law?
v1/n1 = V2/n2
Which Gas Law? Relates pressure, volume, # of mols, temp all in one equation
Ideal gas low
What is General Gas Equation?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Which Gas Low? The sum of the partial pressures exerted by each individual gas is the total pressure of the system
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
What is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures?
Pt = P1 + P2 + P3?
Average Kinetic Energy is?
directly proportional to the temp of the system
What is Diffusion?
molecular movement of a gas going high consentration to lower
What is Effusion?
movement of gas through an opening
What is Graham’s Law?
rates of effusion of 2 different gases in inversely proportional to the square root of their molar masses
What is Polarity?
the tendency for a partial charge separation to occur within a molecule, either via lack of symmetry or via differences in electronegativity
What is intermolecular forces?
those in addition to bonds, that exist among different molecules
What is intramolecular forces?
those forces that exist within a molecule and help determine its preferred conformation
What is Dipole-Dipole interaction?
in polar compounds, the partially positive (delta+) end aligning itself with the partially negative (delta-) end of another molecule
What is Hydrogen Bonding?
the electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a H atom bound to a highly electronegative atom such as FON
What is London Dispersion Forces?
The weakest intermolecular force. A temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.
What are the forces acting among molecules called?
cohesion
What are the forces acting between molecules and the surface of the container called?
adhesion
What is the tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or to be drawn into small openings?
capillary action
What is the phase? Change between liquid and gaseous states of matter
Vavorization/evaporation
What is the pressure a liquid excerts on the atmosphere?
vapor pressure
What is the pressure the atmosphere excerts on the liquid?
atmospheric pressure
Increase atmospheric pressure = (increase/decrease) vapor pressure = (increase/decrease) boiling point
decrease VP, increase BP
Increase temp = (increase/decrease) kinetic energy = (increase/decrease) vapor pressure
increase KE, increase VP
Increase surface area of liquid = (increase/decrease) molecules intencity with atomospheric pressure = (increase/decrease) evaporative rate
increase MI, increase ER
What is this phase change? Solid -> Liquid -> Gas
melting, evaporation
What is this phase change? Gas -> Liquid -> Solid
condensation, freezing
What is this phase change? Solid -> Gas
sublimation
What is this phase change? Gas -> Solid
deposition
What is Heating Curves?
graphically represent the phase changes for a substance
What is Phase Diagram?
represents the conditions supporting different states of matter for a substance
What is tha set of contions that supports all 3 states of matter (solid, liquids, and gas)?
triple point
What is Covalent Solids?
have a network of covalent bonds throughout the crystal unit
What is Ionic Solids?
contain gaseous cations and anions hold together in a matrix
What is crystalline solids?
highly regular repeating network of atoms
What is amorphous solid?
no order in the network of atoms
What is the system? Neither heat nor matter is exhanged with the surroundings
isolated
What is the system? Can exchange evergy, but not matter with the surroundings
closed
What is the system? Exchanges both energy and matter with the surroundings
open
Processes - conducted at some temp
isothermal
Processes - conducted at some pressure
isobaric
Processes - not heat exchange occurs
adiabatic
stored energy
potential
energy in motion
kinetic
Derived from molecular motion, or temp of the system, also known as enthalpy
termal energy
energy released as heat
friction
1 calorie = ? Joules
4.184
regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes
Hess’s Law
