Exam II Vocabulary

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

the smallest particle of an element that has all of the elements chemical properties

Question 2

electron

Answer 2

a negatively charged particle that whizzes about within an atom

Question 3

atomic nucleus

Answer 3

the core of the atom, consisting of two basic subatomic particles - protons and neutrons

Question 4

neutron

Answer 4

an electrically neutral particle in the nucleus of the atom

Question 5

proton

Answer 5

a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

Question 6

isotopes

Answer 6

atoms of the same element that contain a different number of neutrons

Question 7

archimedes principle

Answer 7

an immersed body is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces

Question 8

pascals principle

Answer 8

the pressure applied to a motionless fluid confined in a container is transmitted throughout the fluid

Question 9

pressure

Answer 9

the ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed.
(i) pressure = force/area

Question 10

buoyant force

Answer 10

the net upward force that a fluid exerts on an immersed object

Question 11

absolute zero

Answer 11

the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have. temperature at which all molecules in motion cease and have minimum kinetic energy.
(i) -273 Celsius or 0 Kelvin

Question 12

bernoulli’s principle

Answer 12

where the speed of a fluid increases, the internal pressure in the fluid decreases

Question 13

temperature

Answer 13

a measure of the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees

Question 14

boyle’s law

Answer 14

the product of pressure and volume is a constant for a given mass of confined gas, as long as temperature remains unchanged

Question 15

barometer

Answer 15

a device that measures atmospheric pressure

Question 16

conduction

Answer 16

the transfer of heat energy by molecular and electron collisions within a substance

Question 17

convection

Answer 17

the transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid. The fluid moves, carrying energy with it

Question 18

radiation

Answer 18

the transfer of energy by means of electromagnetic waves

Question 19

newton’s law of cooling

Answer 19

the rate of loss of heat from a warm object is proportional to the temperature difference
between the object and its surroundings.

Question 20

heat engine

Answer 20

a device that uses heat as input and provides work as output