EXAM II - RENAL II Flashcards
Having an osmolarity equal to that of normal ECF ( 300 mOsmol/L)
Isoosmotic
Having an osmolarity greater than normal ECF
Hyperosmotic
Having an osmolarity less than normal ECF
Hypoosmotic
The minimum amount of fluid loss that is formed regardless of other body states
Obligatory water loss
Blood supply of the renal medulla
Vasa recta
Receptors for the reflexes that control body sodium
Baroreceptors in CV System
Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion within the blood of the plasma protein angiotensinogen into angiotensisn I.
Renin
Where is Renin secreted from?
Juxtaglomerular cells
Juxtaglomerular cells are part of what?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney
Plasma protein made by and put into blood by the liver
Angiotensinogen
Where is angiotensin-converting enzyme (converting enzyme) found?
Epithelial cells of blood capillaries; especially in the lungs
Catalyzes a reaction that transfromes angiotensin I into angiotensin II as blood flows through the lungs
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete this hormone into the blood
Aldosterone
Aldosterone acts on the collecting ducts and late portions of the distal tubules to increase absorption of what ion?
Sodium
How does the cardiac hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decrease sodium reabsorption?
By directly inhibiting aldosterone secretion
Sensory receptors in the hypothalamus that detect ECF osmolarity
Osmoreceptors
Acts on collecting duct cells to increase their rate of potassium secretion
Aldosterone
Higher than normal K+ in the ECF
Hyperkalemia
Lower than normal K+ in the ECF
Hypokalemia
Higher than normal Ca++ in the ECF
Hypercalcemia
Lower than normal Ca++ in the ECF
Hypocalcemia
Depresses nervous system and muscle activity
Hypercalcemia
Causes nervous system excitement and tetany
Hypocalcemia
Amount of dietary calcium absorbed across the intestinal wall
35%
Organic matrix of the bone is made up of what?
Collagen fibers and Ground substance
The homogeneous gelatinous substance of the organic matrix
Ground substance
Main crystalline salt deposited in the organic matrix
Hydroxyapatite
Bone-resorbing cells
Osteoclasts
Osteoclast activity is stimulated indirectly by what hormone?
Parathyroid hormone
Enzymes secreted by osteoclasts that digest the oganic elements of bone matrix and acids that dissolve bone salts
Proteolytic enzymes
Thyroid hormone that acts mainly on bone to decrease ECF calcium concentration
Calcitonin
