Exam II Pharmacodynamics

Question 0

T/F Side effects are always a bad thing.

Answer 0

FALSE

Side effects are secondary to the intended effect and may be good or bad.

Question 1

Define Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

What the drug does the the animal. The effects of drugs and their mechanism of action within the body.

Question 2

Define Pharmacovigilance

Answer 2

The study and monitoring of adverse effects. Adverse effects are unintended and unwanted effects.

Question 3

T/F Adverse effects includes NOT producing a desired clinical effect?

Answer 3

TRUE

Adverse effects= unintended and unwanted including NOT producing clinical effetcs.

Question 4

What are examples of Neurotransmitters that Ionotropic Receptors bind to?

And is transmission fast or slow?

Answer 4

Fast neurotransmission
GABAa
Nicotenic
ACH

Question 5

Metabotropic Receptors are common for what type of functions?Fast or slow transmission?

Answer 5

G-Protein receptors
Function :
Secretory and smooth Muscle functions where changes occur over seconds

Question 6

Kinase- Coupled receptors are usually these type of receptors?

Answer 6

Insulin- Growth promoting hormones and functions

Question 7

Where are nuclear receptors located before the ligand binds? Examples of these?

Answer 7

Cytpolasm

Ex: steroids and thyroid hormones

Question 8

T/F Endogenous neurotransmitters often bind to more than one type of receptors?

Answer 8

TRUE

Ex: adrenergic has alpha , beta..

Question 9

Give an example of a drug that can block ion channels

Answer 9

Local anesthetics - lidocaine on Na+ channels

Question 10

Name two drugs that can modulate the opening and closing of the channel?

Answer 10

Dihydryridine Ca

Amlodipine

Question 11

T/F An example of a prodrug is the conversion of Angiotensin to Enalapril ?

Answer 11

TRUE

It needs to be metabolized to its active form.

Question 12

Just a note Carrier proteins
Fluoxetine- Serotonin
Omeprazole- Na+ H+ proton pump

Answer 12

Drugs may prevent re-uptake in the case of serotonin which increases its levels
OR
Prevent output of a molecule like hydrogen ions pumped out of gastric parietal to decrease its levels

Question 13

T/F Partial agonists create higher efficacy ?

Answer 13

False lower efficacy aka ceiling effect

However it does prevent anything else from binding to the receptor

Question 14

T/F In the case of competitive antagonism organophosphate toxins are bound reversibly?

Answer 14

FALSE

Organophosphates bind IRREVERSIBLY

Question 15

Physiological Antagonism refers to :
A. Two drugs chemically inactivate each other
B. One drug alters ADME of another and reduces its effect.
C. Drugs have opposite effects that cancel each other out

Answer 15

C
Chemical=Two drugs chemically inactivate each other
Pharmacokinetic= One drug alters ADME of another and reduces its effect.

Question 16

T/F Two drugs have the same maximum efficacy, but one of the drugs requires a lower concentration to reach it , therefore it is more potent.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F A low therapeutic index indicates the drug is safe?

Answer 17

False- A HIGH therapeutic index indicates the drug is safe. A low therapeutic index indicates DANGA