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Dental Materials > Exam II-Impression,amalgam,g.i.,etc > Flashcards

Exam II-Impression,amalgam,g.i.,etc Flashcards

1
Q

Lets get it shorty: What are the 4 advantages to GLASS IONOMERS?

A

1.Chemical adhesion to tooth 2.Flouride Release 3. CTE similar to tooth 4.Biocompatable

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2
Q

What is an RMGI and what are the two ways it is cured?

A

Resin-modified glass ionomer…1.acid/base reaction 2.light/chemical cure

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3
Q

What are the three phases in the CONVENTIONAL setting reaction for a Glass Ionomer?

A

1.Ion-Leaching Phase 2.Hydrogel 3.Polysalt-Gel Phase

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4
Q

What is the MOST important part of the Ion-leaching phase in conventional G.I. setting? What are two nuggets of info about this step?

A

Formation of NaF!…1.Its not native to the Matrix 2.Its physical properties are not affected by depletion

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5
Q

What are the two steps to the setting reaction of RMGI?

A

1.Acid-base rxn: proceeds slowly 2.Free radical polymerization (light/chemical initiated)

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6
Q

What is the method of Fluoride release in Glass Ionomers? How long for the first stage?

A

1.Rapid early release from matrix: 1-2 days 2.Slow long term release from particle

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7
Q

Fluoride release does not result in loss of _________ from the glass ionomer because it does not take part in the ______ formation.

A

physical properties…matrix

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8
Q

Which one releases more fluoride: conventional or RMGI?

A

HAHA gotcha! they are similar…

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9
Q

G.I. can act as a fluoride _______ by the uptake and _______ of topical fluorides.

A

reservoir…re-release

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10
Q

What are the 2 contraindications for LUTING cements (RMGI’s for CRWN&BRDGE!)?

A

1.Non-reinforced (can expand) 2.can CRACK all ceramic crowns

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11
Q

What are the two types of Elastic impression material?

A

1.Aqueous Hydrocolloids and 2.Non-Aqueous Elastomers

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12
Q

What are the two types of Aqueous Hydrocolloids? Are they reversible??

A

1.Agar (reversible) 2.Alginate (irreversible)

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13
Q

What is the “squeezing” or exuding of H20 from fibril cross linking as it contracts with time?

A

SYNERESIS

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14
Q

What are the three types of non-aqueous impression materials?

A

1.polysulfide 2.Silicones 3.Polyether

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15
Q

What type of impression material is VPS? (4 categories of the tree)

A

1.Elastic 2.Non-aqueous 3.Silicone 4.Addition

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16
Q

Which impression material was noted for only having a single pour? Which impression material was noted for having multiple pours?

A

Single Pour-Irreversible Hydrocolloid (alginate) Multiple-Addition Silicones (VPS)

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17
Q

What is the most RIDGID of all impression materials? It is therefore difficult to remove from areas of _________.

A

Polyether….UNDERCUTS!

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18
Q

Imbibition of an impression material is swelling due to ________.

A

water absorption

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19
Q

What impression material has the longest working time? Shortest?

A

Agar=longest….Alginate=shortest

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20
Q

What is the LEAST rigid of all the impression materials?

A

polysulfide=hydrocolloids

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21
Q

Why do we use AMALGAM?? 1.cost: is is _______ 2.Ease of _____ 3.Proven track record of more then ____ years. 4.Familiarity 5.It is _____-free therefore is has less allergies then composite.

A

1.inexpensive….2.easy to USE 3.100 years 5.RESIN

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22
Q

Which two materials have the best Fluoride recharge? Which material has the worst?

A

G.I. & RMGI have the best…Compomers have the worst

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23
Q

FUNCTION of COPPER in our alloy: it ties up _____, which reduces _______ formation, it reduces ______ which therefore reduces _______ deterioration.

A

TIN…Gamma-2 formation…reduces CREEP….marginal

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24
Q

ZINC in amalgam: it’s used in the _________ process, it decreases _______ of other elements by being the sacrificial _______.

A

manufacturing….OXIDATION…ANODE

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25
Q

The basic composition of amalgam: it is a ______-______ MATIRX containing FILLER particles of ______-______.

A

Silver-Mercury matrix…..Silver-Tin filler

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26
Q

In our brick wall analogy: the filler is the _______ (what two metals again!?) and the matrix is the ______(what two metals again?!)

A

filler-bricks (silver-tin)…..matrix-cement (silver-mercury)

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27
Q

What is the formula for the silver-tin filler and what is another NAME for it?? What are the three possible SHAPES for the filler??

A

Ag3Sn…. GAMMA…numero 1.irregular (LATHE-cut) 2.Spherical 3.Combo

28
Q

What is the formula and another name for our silver-mercury matrix cement?

A

Ag2Hg3…GAMMA 1

29
Q

What is the formula and name for the VOIDS in our silver-mercury matrix cement?

A

Sn8Hg….GAMMA 2

30
Q

What is the composition of Single Composition High-Copper Alloys? What two elements then dissolve in mercury?

A

A Gamma sphere (Ag3Sn) with Epsilon coating (Cu3Sn)…Ag and Sn dissolve in mercury

31
Q

What are the 4 methods of adding Copper to amalgam?

A

1.(SCS) Single Composition Spherical 2.(ALE)-Admixture: Lathe-cut + spherical Eutectic 3.(ALSCS) Admixture: Lathe-cut + Single Composition Spherical 4.(SCL)-Single Composition Lathe-cut

32
Q

In Single Composition Spherical (SCS)-you use _____ condensation force and a ______ condenser.

A

LESS force….LARGER condenser

33
Q

Amalgam Material-Related Variables–Dimensional Change: Most high-copper amalgams under go a net _______ which leaves a marginal ____ so there is initial _____ and post-op _______. How is this reduced over time?

A

CONTRACTION…GAP..leakage…sensativity…reduced with CORROSION over time

34
Q

Amalgam-Dimensional change: What are the 3 factors leading to Net contraction?

A

1.Type of alloy 2. Condensation technique 3.Trituration Time

35
Q

Amalgam-dimensional change: What type of alloy has more contraction? is this due to more or less mercury?

A

Sperical Alloys have more contraction..less mercury

36
Q

In amalgam grater condensation technique= _______ contaction.

A

HIGHER contraction

37
Q

In amalgam overtrituration causes ______ contraction.

A

HIGHER contraction

38
Q

Amalgam has higher ______ strength VS _____ strength.

A

Higher compressive strength vs tensile strength

39
Q

Corrosion of amalgam: ______ strength, but _____ margins. Which type of amalgam will corrode faster: low copper or high copper?

A

reduces strength, but SEALS margins..low copper amalgam corrodes faster

40
Q

______: is slow deformation of amalgam placed under constant load.

A

CREEP

41
Q

Creep correlates with marginal ________.

A

breakdown

42
Q

_____ copper amalgams have creep resistance and to PREVENT this Gamma 2 phase you need more than ____% Copper.

A

HIGH…more than 12% copper

43
Q

What is Trituration?

A

Mixing of liquid mercury with and alloy powder

44
Q

Overtrituration: will make a “___” mix that _____ to the capsule. It also _____ working/setting time and there is a slight ______ in setting contraction.

A

“hot” mix that sticks to the capsule…decreases…..increase

45
Q

Undertrituration will cause a _____, _____ mix.

A

Grainy, crumbly

46
Q

What adapts amalgam to the cavity walls?

A

Condensation

47
Q

Condensation of amalgam reduces the residual ______ in the restoration.

A

Mercury

48
Q

After this man, ______, dentists started to “specialize” in removing amalgam to treat purported _______ toxicity.

A

Hal Huggins…mercury

49
Q

What are the three diseases that removing amalgam purportedly cures?

A

Leukemia, Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, and Multiple Sclerosis

50
Q

Lay population unfamiliar with peer-reviewed dental literature rely on ______ stories and ______.

A

media stories and the internet

51
Q

About how many amalgam restorations are done per year? Leading to about how many TONS of mercury?

A

1/2 BBAAABAAABAAABillion….75 tons of Hg

52
Q

What are the two everyday activities that can lead to Mercury vapor being release?

A

Brushing and Chewing

53
Q

A study showed that it is difficult to determine mercury ______ levels accurately.

A

vapor

54
Q

What is the average daily dose of mercury of a patient with 8-10 amalgam surfaces? How does this compare to threshold levels?

A

1-2 micrograms/day avg….1% of the threshold 50 micrograms

55
Q

What are the three forms of mercury? Rank them from least toxic to most…

A

1.Elemental 2.Inorganic 3.Organic(methyl)

56
Q

What is the only way Mercury can be absorbed in the body?

A

LUNGS! only 0.1% from G.I. and Skin

57
Q

What accounts for most occupational and home mercury exposures?

A

Mercury VAPOR

58
Q

What is the MOST TOXIC form of Mercury and is responsible for several mass poisonings???

A

Organic: Alkyl–> METHYL mercury

59
Q

How do you check for CHRONIC mercury exposure? How do you check for acute exposure?

A

Chronic: 300+ micrograms/L in URINE…Acute: 6+ micrograms/L in BLOOD

60
Q

How does testing mercury levels in hair compare in accuracy?

A

Hair is NOT a reliable method for determining mercury exposure

61
Q

Studies found no relationship between amalgam restorations and _________.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

62
Q

Controlled human studies fail to find link between amalgam or mercury levels and ________.

A

Alzheimer’s

63
Q

Studies showing no _______ dysfunction due to amalgam restorations

A

renal

64
Q

Properties of Cements: ____ thickness of a cement has a profound effect on the adaptation of the restoration to the tooth AS WELL AS changing the ___:___ ratio!

A

Film… POWDER:LIQUID ratio!

65
Q

Ultimate film thickness depends on: _________ of the powder in the liquid…._______ of the liquid…..________ of the cement……Amount of ______ applied at cementation


A

Concentration….Viscosity….Consistency….force

66
Q

What are the 2 factors that influence the ease with which cement is expressed from under the restoration?

A

1.Consistency of the cement and 2. the type of restoration

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