Exam II Definitions Flashcards
Orthogenisis
Inner force impels an organism to change in a given direction. Process of oriented mutation.
Inheritance of Acquired Traits
Lamarck-effects of use and disuse.
Saltationism
DeVries-sudden evolutionary change due to large mutation creating new species.
Stratigraphy
Study of aging of rock layers
Lithography
The study of types of rock
Uniformitarian
age of earth is old because earth processes are very slow
Catastrophism
Strata was layered during flooding/ catastrophes and fossils found went extinct.
Pangenisis
Every organ of the body produced heritable gemules and the amount passed on depends on the use/disuse of the organ.
Germplasm
Weismann-experiment with mice tails. Germ cells are passed on, as opposed to somatic cells.
4 Characteristics of Mutations
- Rare in comparison to number of cells produces
- Random
- Recurrent A <==>a
- Reversible
Transition
Replacement of purine by another purine (A, G) or one pyrimidine by another (C,T,U)
Transversion
All other replacements
Scala Naturae
Aristotle- ladder of greatness
Gene
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring
Allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Syngamy
the fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction. (egg and sperm)
Gametogenesis
the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes.
Species
species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
Modern Synthesis of Modifier Genes
Merger of mendelian genetics and darwanism
