Exam II

Question 1

Breast Histo: THe mammary glands are a reproduction accessory in women. They are rudimentary or otherwise functionless in men

Bed of the breast extends between _____ ribs, and the axillary process of the breast extends into _____

Answer 1

1. 2nd-6th ribs

2. Axillary fossa

Question 2

Breast Histo:The breast is located in subcutaneous tissue that overlies the pectoralis major and minor muscles.

True/False - Within the breast is glandular/supporting fibrous tissue embedded in adipose as well as suspensory ligaments that connect the mammary gland to the dermis.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Breast Histo: The arterial supply to the breast arises from the

1. _______ branch of the subclavian.
2. _____ branch of the axillary
3. ___ branch of internal thoracic.

Answer 3

1. Internal thoracic branch
2. Lateral thoracic branch
3. Intercostal branch

Veins: 
-Axillary vein
(Subclavian)
-Internal thoracic
(Brachiocephalic)

Question 4

Breast Histo: Innervation of the breast occurs via the _______ intercostal nerves. They provide sensory fibers from the skin, and SNS fibers to vessels and muscle

Answer 4

4-6th intercostal nerves

Question 5

Breast Histo: Mammary glands are modified ______ glands that vary with age, cycle and reproductive status.

There are typically 15-20 irregular lobules separated by CT. They are underdeveloped in males due to testosterone inhibition of growth.

Answer 5

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 6

Breast Histo: THe ______ is composed of 2 layers of cuboidal cells and functions in milk storage

Answer 6

Lactiferous sinus

Question 7

Breast Histo: Describe secretion of the milk from the glands

Answer 7

1. Secretory acini
2. Intralobular duct
3. Interlobular duct
4. Main duct
5. Lactiferous duct

*myoepithelial cells surround secretory cells/ducts

Question 8

Breast: Breast development is dependent on estrogen (in the presence of prolactin). Estrogen stimulates branching of the ______ into the tree, with terminal end buds and fat enlargement.

Answer 8

Ducts

Question 9

Breast Histo: Progesterone is responsible for promoting the development of ________

Answer 9

Terminal end buds

• old buds regress at the end of each cycle
• changes occur every cycle

Question 10

Breast Histo: Lateral end buds form at ends of branching lactiferous ducts.

What hormones play a role with lateral end buds?

A. Placental lactogen
B. Estrogen
C. Maternal prolactin
D. Progesterone

Answer 10

All of the above

Progesterone: stimulate development of lactiferous ducts and secretory alveoli

Question 11

Breast Histo: True/False - Adipose in the breast tends to increase with age while collagen decreases

Answer 11

True