Exam II Flashcards
Electro negativity
How well an element can attract electrons
What is the most electronegative atom
F
What group is not electronegative
Noble gases
What is the periodic trend of electro negativity
Increasing across from left to right
And increasing moving up the periodic table
What group is the most electronegative
Halogens because they have 7 valence electrons
What is an ion
A charged particle
How are ions made
When atoms gain or lose electrons
What atoms are more likely to form ions and why
Elements that only need to lose or gain 1 electron for a full shell, because it requires less energy.
Which groups on the periodic table are more likely to become ions
1,2,6,7
Cation
Positive ion
Anion
Negative ion
Polyatomic
Has both a cation and anion
What is the first & second part of naming polyatomic ions
First. Second
Name of metal Polyatomic ion
What needs to be done before finding the chemical formula of ions
Balance the charges first
Which comes first in the polyatomic formula, the cation or the anion
Cation
What is an electron neutral compound
An ionic compound that contains one cation for every anion, the charges are equal.
Steps to finding the formula of an ionic compound
- Identify cation + symbol/charge
- Identify anion + symbol/charge
- Combine the two ions to form an electrically neutral compound
Find charge of Mg^2+ Cl^-
Mg1Cl2
What happens to an ion when it loses an electron
It becomes a cation
What happens when an ion gains an electron
It becomes an anion
Compounds are neutral when
Cations and anions are equal
When 2 bonded atoms share electrons unequally the bond is
Polar
When two bonded atoms share electrons equally the bond is
No polar
How is a bond determined to be covalent or ionic
Electro negativity differences
Electro negativity difference for a polar covalent bond is
.4-1.7
Electronegativity difference for covalent bonds
Electronegativity difference for ionic bonds
> 1.7
Which side of the periodic table has a lower electronegativity
The left side
Which side of the periodic table has a higher electronegativity
The right side
What is electron affinity
Energy released when an electron is added to the atom
What is the periodic trend for electron affinity
The electron affinity becomes more negative from left to right, and doesn’t have much change from top to bottom
What is the electron affinity of noble gases
> 0
Why are electron affinities for elements in 2A more positive?
Because addition of an electron requires it to reside in the previously unoccupied “P” subshell
Why are elements in group 5A more positive in electron affinity?
Because the addition of electron requires it to be put into an already occupied orbital
What groups are exceptions to the trend in electronegativity on the periodic table?
2A and 5A, because they are more positive than the groups prior
What does polyatomic mean?
2 ions with an overall charge
Compound name -> chemical formula
for
Magnesium Carbonate
Mg^2+ CO_3^2-
Chemical formula -> compound name
For
LiC(subscript2)H(sub3)O(sub2)
Lithium Acetate
Which group is more likely to give away electrons
A. Metals
B. Non metals
Metals
Which group is more likely to want to acquire electrons?
A. Nonmetal
B. Metals
A. Nonmetals
If Mg gives away 2 electrons to F, what charge does it acquire?
2+
if F gains an electron from Mg, what charge does it acquire?
-
What does the Roman numeral in an ionic compound indicate?
The charge of the transition metal
How are covalent compounds written?
Prefix+ name of nonmetal then prefix+ nonmetal ending in “ide”
What does the prefix mono mean?
1
What does the prefix “di” mean?
2
What does the prefix “tri” mean
3
What does the prefix “tetra” mean?
4
What does the prefix “penta” mean?
5
What does the prefix “hexa” mean?
6
What does the prefix “hepta” mean?
7
What is the prefix meaning 8?
Octa
What does the prefix “Nona” mean?
9
What is the prefix meaning 10?
Deca
Do you have to balance charges for covalent compounds?
No
