Exam II Flashcards
what are the 3 most common primary headaches?
(1) migraine
(2) tension-type
(3) cluster headaches
what are the two types of migraines?
(1) with aura
(2) without aura
what demographics are migraines most common in? (3)
(1) females (3x more than males)
(2) 20-40 y/o
(3) hereditary (typically)
when a person is having a migraine are they able to work and function normally?
no; it’s a debilitating throbbing and intense pain
do migraines typically present unilaterally or bilaterally?
unilaterally (70% of cases)
what type of medications typically relieve migraine paine?
vasoconstrictors
how long do migraine headaches typically last?
4-72 hours
does physical activity or exercise make migraines better or worse?
worse
what are a couple common symptoms of migraine headaches?
(1) nausea or vomitting
(2) photophobia or phonophobia
what is the clinical prediction rule for migraines? what are the likelihood ratios?
(1) pulsating
(2) lasts 4-72 hours
(3) unilateral
(4) nausea
(5) headache prohibitive (can’t perform ADLs)
4/5 = likelihood 24
3/5 = likelihood 3.5
what is aura? what are the symptoms associated with aura? (6)
neurological s/s that precede a migraine
1) visual / auditory (most common
(2) sensory
(3) speech / language
(4) motor
(5) brainstem
(6) retinal
how long does an aura typically last? what if the s/s of an aura last longer than the expected time?
5-20 minutes, 60 minutes MAX; any longer is a red flag for a referral to the emergency room (CN damage)
what are the four stages of a migraine?
(1) prodome: symptoms that precede migraines (hours or a day before)
(2) aura: CNS disturbances
(3) attack
(4) postdome: exhaustion, drowsiness, light headedness
what can trigger a migraine?
(1) hormones (most common 30% of all cases)
(2) stress
(3) neck pain (10% of all cases)
(4) food / alcohol (red wine, cheese, processed meat, etc.)
(5) missing meals
(6) medications that cause vasodilation
(7) not getting enough sleep / fatigue
what is the most common type of primary headache?
tension-type headache
what are the 3 types of tension type headaches? how are they distinguished from one another?
(1) episodic (<12 per year)
(2) frequent (>12 per year)
(3) chronic (>= 180 per year)
do tension type headaches typically present unilaterally or bilaterally? are the prohibitive headaches?
bilaterally; typically not prohibitive (less intense than migraines; non-pulsating)
does physical activity or exercise aggravate tension type headaches?
no
what is commonly associated with tension type headaches?
pericranial tenderness (trigger points within the muscles of the head and neck)
where are the most common locations for trigger points seen in tension type headaches? (4)
(1) suboccipital muscles (65% of patients)
(2) upper traps
(3) SCOM
(4) temporalis muscles
what demographics are cluster head aches most common in? (3)
(1) males more than females
(2) 40 to 60 y/o
how do cluster headaches present?
(1) pulsating, burning pain
2) 1 to 4 times per day (15-180 minutes each
do cluster headaches typically present unilaterally or bilaterally?
unilaterally
what type of drugs help alleviate cluster headaches?
vasoconstrictors