Exam II

Question 1

Probe-Tone Technique

Answer 1

tone profile study- played harmonic progression and then probe tone to see how close they are

Question 2

Key Profile

Answer 2

Plotting an avg rating of each note and how it fits into the key

Question 3

Corpus

Answer 3

Large body of musical work grouped together based on some commonality

Question 4

Chart of Regions

Answer 4

Depicts how certain keys are related (Schoenberg)

Question 5

Meter

Answer 5

Regular framework of beats/points in time that are accented

Question 6

Phenomenal Accent

Answer 6

Something in the music that causes us to infer a strong beat

Question 7

Tactus

Answer 7

The beat level that we tap to (typically the quarter or dotted quarter note)

Question 8

Syncopation

Answer 8

Conflict between between meter and phenomenal accent

Question 9

Dynamic Attending Theory

Answer 9

Theory that meter shapes attention, processing of a note occurs best on stronger beats

Question 10

Entrainment

Answer 10

The ability to perceive meter and then synchronize motion with it

Question 11

Reversal

Answer 11

Our expectation that when there is a leap, the melody will change direction

Question 12

Inertia

Answer 12

After a step, we expect to keep going in the same direction

Question 13

Priming

Answer 13

You process an event better/more quickly

Question 14

Markov Model

Answer 14

Displays probability of something based on what happened previously (e.g. scale degree, interval, pitch, etc.)

Question 15

Schematic Expectation

Answer 15

Based on general musical knowledge (style, chord progression, etc.)

Question 16

Vertical Expectation

Answer 16

Based on knowledge of what actually happens in the piece

Question 17

ITPRA Theory

Answer 17

Huron’s theory of expectation (Imagination, Tension, Prediction, Appraisal)

Question 18

Amusia

Answer 18

Condition with extreme lack of musical ability (Inability to identify melodies, small intervals, etc.)

Question 19

Double Dissociation

Answer 19

Certain abilities/disabilities affecting the brain can occur independently of each other (E.g. amusia and aphasia, Isabel Peretz)

Question 20

MBEA

Answer 20

Montral Battery of Evaluating Amusia–> judging whether 2 melodies/rhythms are the same

Question 21

Aphasia

Answer 21

Deficit in linguistic processing

Question 22

nPVI

Answer 22

Cross-cultural correlations between language and music, difference in rhythms in languages reflect in music as well (French and English)

Question 23

Scotch Snap

Answer 23

Short note on the beat followed by a longer note off the beat

Question 24

Frontal Lobe

Answer 24

Personality, executive function, motor cortex (intrasulcular gyrus is longer musicians/unusual dexterity with both sides of motor cortex)

Question 25

Parietal Lobe

Answer 25

Sensory info (touch)

Question 26

Occipital Lobe

Answer 26

Visual processing

Question 27

Cerebellum

Answer 27

Bigger in male musicians, dense cells

Question 28

Corpus Callosum

Answer 28

White matter that connects two sides of the brain, larger in musicians

Question 29

Brain Stem

Answer 29

Path from cochlea to auditory cortex

Question 30

Tonotopic Organization

Answer 30

Frequency mapped cochlea, arranged by pitch height

Question 31

Structural Adaptation

Answer 31

Large scale, physical changes in the brain (e.g. area of brain becoming larger)

Question 32

Functional Adaptation

Answer 32

Change in function of brain (One area being more activated by a certain task)

Question 33

PET

Answer 33

Positron Emission Tomography- Radioactive solution is used to track blood flow

Question 34

EEG

Answer 34

Electroencephalography: looks at electrical current flowing through the brain (where)

Question 35

MEG

Answer 35

Magnetoencephalography: looks at magnetic field in brain, good at temporal resolution

Question 36

tDCS

Answer 36

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: invasive brain procedure that tracks brain activation

Question 37

TMS

Answer 37

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (less invasive than tDCS)

Question 38

ERP

Answer 38

Event Related Potential: Measured brain response to any stimulus

Question 39

Mismatched Negativity

Answer 39

Occurs after an infrequent change in a repetitive sequence of sounds

Question 40

Melodic Intonation Therapy

Answer 40

Used to treat aphasia--> use singing ability even when speech is impaired to get people to produce phrases in music (good ex. of plasticity)

Question 41

Synesthesia

Answer 41

Association to different sensations (e.g. associating musical sounds with colors)