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Di Imaging II > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

Tension causes what kind of fx?

A

transverse

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2
Q

Compression causes what kind of fx?

A

oblique

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3
Q

Rotaion causes what kind of fx?

A

spiral

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4
Q

Angulation causes what kind of fx?

A

transverse

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5
Q

Angulation + compression causes what kind of fx?

A

transverse & oblique

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6
Q

What type of fracture is common in pathologic bone conditions?

A

transverse fx

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7
Q

What is apposition and how is it described?

A
  • closeness of the bony contact at the fx site
  • describe the offset of distal in relation to the proximal
  • describe direction
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8
Q

What does alignment describe?

A

position of distal fragment in relation to proximal dealing with direction and degree of angulation

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9
Q

When is the highest rate of fractures in males?

A
  • 2nd and 3rd decades

- after 65 years

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10
Q

When is the highest rate of fractures in females?

A
  • up to 20 years

- steadily increases at age 45

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11
Q

FOOSH injury in >5years

A

supracondylar fx

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12
Q

FOOSH injury in 16-35 years

A

scaphoid or other carpals

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13
Q

FOOSH injury in >40 years

A

colles fx or ulna fx

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14
Q

FOOSH injury in >70 years

A

humeral surgical neck fx

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15
Q

What is the MC area of injury in 10-16 year olds?

A

epiphyseal area since it is teh weakest area of the bone

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16
Q

What are the MC regions of fx in elderly?

A
  • T/L spine
  • proximal femur
  • distal radius
  • proximal humerus
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17
Q

3 phases of healing

A
  • inflammatory or circulatory phase
  • reparative or metabolic phase
  • remolding phase
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18
Q

What is clinical union?

A

when the callus is sufficiently developed to allow weight bearing or similar stress

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19
Q

What is the MC type of Salter-Harris fx?

A

Salter type II

-physis + metaphysis

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20
Q

What is the LC type of Salter-Harris fx?

A

Salter type V

-compression of physis

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21
Q

What is another name for Salter type II fx?

A

Thurston - Holland Sign

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22
Q

Which Salter type fxs produce an intra-articular fx?

A

Satler III and IV

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23
Q

What is the normal AC joint width?

A

<5mm (<2-3mm bilateral difference)

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24
Q

What is the normal distance b/w coracoid and clavicle?

A

11-13mm (<5mm bilateral difference)

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25
Q

What is the MC type of clavicle fx?

A

middle third (80%)

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26
Q

What is a Flap fx?

A

avulsion fx of the greater tuberosity of humerus

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27
Q

What is the MC humeral fx?

A

surgical neck fx

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28
Q

What are the 3 subcategories for anterior shoulder dislocations?

A
  • subcoracoid (MC)
  • subglenoid
  • intrathoracic
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29
Q

What is the name for an impaction fx of the humeral head associated with an anterior dislocation?

A

Hill-Sach’s lesion

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30
Q

What is the name for an avulsion of the inferior glenoid rim associated with an anterior dislocation?

A

Bankart lesion

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31
Q

What are some characteristics of a posterior shoulder dislocation?

A
  • widening of joints space (>6mm, rim sign)
  • double articular surface (trough line sign)
  • tennis racquet appearance
  • fixed internal rotation
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32
Q

What is luxatio erecta?

A

an inferior shoulder dislocation

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33
Q

Radiology of rotator cuff tears

A
  • acromiohumeral joint narrowing (<6mm)
  • erosion of inf. aspect of acromian
  • flattening/atrophy of greater tuberosity
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34
Q

What two lines are used as assessment tools in a lateral elbow view?

A
  • anterior humeral line

- radio-capitellar line

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35
Q

What is the order of ossification for the elbow?

A

-capitellum
-radial head
-internal/medial epicondyle
-trochlea
-olecranon
-external/lateral epicondyle
(1-3-5-7-9-11)

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36
Q

What age does Nursemaids Elbow occur?

A

2-5 years

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37
Q

How is Nursemaids elbow reduced?

A

with supination

38
Q

What is the 3rd MC dislocation in adults?

A

elbow joint

39
Q

What is the 2nd MC dislocation in adults?

A

interphalangeal joints

40
Q

What is the MC dislocation in adults?

A

shoulder

41
Q

What is the MC direction of elbow dislocations?

A

posterior/posterolateral

42
Q

What is another name for a minimally displaced oblique fracture of the distal ulnar shaft?

A

nightstick fx

43
Q

What is a Galeazzi’s Fx?

A

fx of the distal radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar articulation

44
Q

What is a Monteggia Fx?

A

fx of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the proximal radioulnar articulation

45
Q

What is another name for a greenstick fx?

A

hickory stick fx

46
Q

What is the MC forearm fx in a child?

A

torus fx

47
Q

What view best shows a torus fx?

A

lateral view

48
Q

What is another name for a torus fx?

A

buckle fx

49
Q

What is the normal tilt of the distal forearm?

A

10-15 degrees anterior (volar)

50
Q

What are some characteristics a Colle’s fx?

A

fx of the distal radius with posterior angulation of the distal fragment

51
Q

What are some characteristics of a Smith’s fx?

A

fx of distal radius with anterior (volar) angulation of the distal fragment

52
Q

What is a Barton’s fx?

A

fracture of the posterior rim of the radius with carpal dislocation
-best seen on lateral view

53
Q

What is a Hutchinson’s/Chauffeur’s fx?

A

fracture of the radial styloid process

-best seen on AP view

54
Q

What is another name for Chauffeur’s fx?

A

backfire fx

55
Q

Which is the MC injured carpal?

A

scaphoid

56
Q

What part of the scaphoid is MC injured?

A

waist

57
Q

Where is the MC site for an occult fx?

A

scaphoid

58
Q

What should you do if you suspect an occult fx?

A
  • immobilize wrist and repeat x-rays in 7-10 days

- if in an athlete: order MRI or bone scan

59
Q

How do you elongate the scaphoid on films?

A

take film with ulnar flexion

60
Q

What is the 2nd MC carpal fractured?

A

triquetral (usually avulsion)

61
Q

Triquetral fx are only seen in which film?

A

lateral view

62
Q

What is another name for triquetral fx?

A

fisher’s fx

hyperflexion injury

63
Q

Which the 3rd MC carpal fx?

A

hamate (hook)

64
Q

Which is the MC type of carpal dislocation?

A

perilunate dislocation

65
Q

Which way are perilunate dislocations MC displaced?

A

dorsally

66
Q

What is the 2nd MC carpal dislocation?

A

lunate dislocation

hyperextension injury

67
Q

What sign is associated with a lunate dislocation?

A

pie sign

68
Q

What are two signs associated with a rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid?

A
  • signet ring sign

- Terry Thomas sign

69
Q

What is a Boxer’s fx?

A

fracture of the neck of the 5th or 4th metacarpal

70
Q

What is the description of a Baseball or Mallet finger?

A

avulsion fx of the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx

71
Q

What aspect of the 1st metacarpal is MC fractured?

A

75% involve the proximal portion

72
Q

What is Bennett’s fx?

A

an oblique fx at the base of the 1 metacarpal associated with dorsal subluxation of the 1st metacarpal

73
Q

What is the MC injury to the 1st metacarpal?

A

Bennett’s fx

74
Q

What is Rolando’s fx?

A

a comminuted Bennett’s fx

75
Q

What are some characteristics of a Gamekeeper’s thumb?

A
  • partial or complete disruption of the ulnar collateral LIG of the 1st MCP joint
  • avulsed fragment from base of proximal phalanx
  • from repetitive stress
76
Q

What is another name for Gamekeeper’s thumb?

A

skier’s thumb = acute injury

77
Q

What is the MC direction of hand dislocations?

A

dorsal

78
Q

What direction is the hip MC dislocated?

A

posteriorly

79
Q

Which way does the femur head move in a posterior hip dislocation?

A

superiorly

80
Q

What other imaging is needed with hip dislocations?

A

CT

81
Q

Which way does the femur head MC move in an anterior hip dislocation?

A

inferiorly

82
Q

What is the MC type of hip fractures?

A

subcapital

83
Q

What are the 2 types of stress fx?

A

fatigue and insufficiency

84
Q

What is the definition of fatigue stress fx?

A

abnormal stress on a normal bone

repetitive stress

85
Q

What is the definition of an insufficiency fx?

A

normal stress on an abnormal bone

86
Q

What is the MC type of fx seen in the femoral shaft?

A

transverse mid shaft fx

87
Q

What is a sign of an intra-articular knee fx?

A

-FBI sign

==>fat blood interface

88
Q

On who are anterior tibial spine avulsions MC seen on and where?

A
  • MC seen in children

- occur at the insertion of the ACL

89
Q

What type of meniscal tear is usually degenerative?

A

horizontal cleavage

90
Q

What is a Segond’s fx?

A

linear fragment near the lateral margin of the lateral tibial plateau

91
Q

What is commonly associated with a Segond’s fx?

A

ACL tear (75% of the time)

Di Imaging II (2 decks)

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