Exam II Flashcards
what does the diaphragm separate?
the thorax from the abdomen
The diaphragm is a fibromuscular dome-shaped structure with right and left domes. What dome is slightly higher? why?
right dome is slightly higher because it overlies the liver
what are the two parts of the diaphragm?
- muscular part (lies around periphery)
2. central tendon
what are the 3 points of of origin of the muscular part of the diaphragm?
- sternal: from the xiphoid process
- costal: from the lower 6 costal cartilages
- lumbar: from lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments
what are the 3 openings in the diaphragm?
- caval opening (foramen)
- esophageal hiatus
- aortic hiatus
where is the caval opening located?
at thoracic vertebra 8 within the central tendon
what does the caval opening transmit?
the inferior vena cava
the right phrenic nerve
where us the esophageal hiatus located?
at thoracic vertebra 10
what does the esophageal hiatus transmit?
esophagus and the anterior and posterior vagal trunks
where is the aortic hiatus located?
at thoracic vertebrae 12
what does the aortic hiatus transmit?
the aorta
thoracic duct
azygos vein
what is the blood supply to the diaphragm?
- musculophrenic artery (from internal thoracic a.)
- pericardiacophrenic artery (from internal thoracic a.)
- superior phrenic artery (from aorta)
- inferior phrenic artery (from aorta)
what is the innervation of the diaphragm?
- phrenic nerve (C3,4,5): motor to diaphragm as a whole and sensory to central part
- intercostal nerves: sensory to peripheral part
During inspiration, 3 major movements take place within the thorax which result in an ____________ in intrathoracic volume and a ____________ in intrathoracic pressure
increase
decrease
what are the 3 major movements within the thorax during inspiration?
- piston movement
- bucket handle movement
- pump handle movement
