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Pharmacology II - 2160 > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

This is a common dysrhythmia with rapid atrial contractions that prevent full repolarization of myocardial fibers between heartbeats, often leading to heart failure.

A

Atrial fibrillation

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2
Q

Which drugs influence the rate of the heartbeat?

A. Positive Inotropic drugs
B. Positive Chronotropic drugs
C. Positive Dromotropic drugs
D. Positive Cytotropic drugs

A

B. Positive Chronotropic drugs

Increases heart rate
Milrinone

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3
Q

Which drugs influence the conduction of electrical impulses within tissues?

A. Positive Inotropic drugs
B. Positive Chronotropic drugs
C. Positive Dromotropic drugs
D. Positive Cytotropic drugs

A

C. Positive Dromotropic drugs

Accelerated cardiac conduction

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4
Q

Which drugs influence the force of muscular contractions, particularly contraction of the heart muscle?

A. Positive Inotropic drugs
B. Positive Chronotropic drugs
C. Positive Dromotropic drugs
D. Positive Cytotropic drugs

A

A. Positive Inotropic drugs

Increases force of myocardial contraction
Dobutamine, Dopamine, Milrinone, Digoxin

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5
Q

The proportion of blood that is ejected during each ventricular contraction compared with the total ventricular filling volume is called _____ _____.

A

Ejection fraction

50-60% is optimal
35% is significantly impaired

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6
Q

Myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and cardiomyopathy often cause…

A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Heart failure
C. Hypertension
D. Atrioventricular block

A

B. Heart failure

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7
Q

Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is the total amount of blood in the ventricle immediately before it contracts and is also called _____.

A

Preload

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8
Q

Class ____ heart failure describes a patient who is not limited with normal physical activity by symptoms.

A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. Class IV

A

A. Class I

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9
Q

Class ____ heart failure is defined by symptoms at rest or with any physical activity.

A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. Class IV

A

D. Class IV

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10
Q

Class ____ heart failure is characterized by a marked limitation in normal physical activity.

A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. Class IV

A

C. Class III

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11
Q

Class ____ heart failure occurs when ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, dyspnea, or other symptoms.

A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. Class IV

A

B. Class II

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12
Q

Which conditions are common causes of inadequate contractility? SATA

A.  Congenital abnormalities
B.  Coronary artery disease
C.  Cardiomyopathy
D.  Outflow obstruction
E.  Myocardial infarction
F.  Valvular insufficiency
A

B. Coronary artery disease
C. Cardiomyopathy
E. Myocardial infarction
F. Valvular insufficiency

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13
Q

Which conditions are common causes of pressure overload? SATA

A.  Valvular insufficiency
B.  Pulmonary hypertension
C.  Hypervolemia 
D.  Systemic hypertension
E.  Atrial fibrillation 
F.  Outflow obstruction
A

B. Pulmonary hypertension
D. Systemic hypertension
F. Outflow obstruction

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14
Q

Which conditions are common causes of inadequate filling? SATA

A.  Tamponade
B.  Cardiomyopathy 
C.  Diabetes
D.  Ischemia
E.  Atrial fibrillation 
F.  Infection
A

A. Tamponade
D. Ischemia
E. Atrial fibrillation
F. Infection

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15
Q

Which conditions are common causes of congenital overload? SATA

A.  Hypervolemia 
B.  Congenital abnormalities
C.  Diabetes
D.  Anemia
E.  Thyroid disease
F.  Infection
A 
A.  Hypervolemia 
B.  Congenital abnormalities
C.  Diabetes
D.  Anemia
E.  Thyroid disease
F.  Infection
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16
Q

What is the drug class for which the mechanism of action is to prevent sodium and water resorption by inhibiting aldosterone secretion. This causes diuresis, which decreases blood volume and blood return to the heart thereby decreasing preload and the work required of the heart.

A. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
B. Aldosterone antagonists
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
D. Beta blockers

A

C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

17
Q

Which class of heart failure drugs has the extension ~pril?

A

ACE inhibitors

18
Q

Which class of drug used for HTN, Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction has the extension -pril?

A. Beta Blockers
B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
C. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
D. Aldosterone Antagonists

A

B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

19
Q

Which class of drug primarily used for Heart Failure but is also used for HTN, and angina, has the extension -lol?

A. Beta Blockers
B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
C. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
D. Aldosterone Antagonists

A

A. Beta Blockers

20
Q

Which class of drug primarily used for Heart Failure and HTN has the extension -sartan?

A. Beta Blockers
B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
C. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
D. Aldosterone Antagonists

A

C. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

21
Q

_____ are medications that improve airflow by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle cells.

A

bronchodilators

22
Q

_____ are immunoglobulins produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigenic substances

A

Antibodies

23
Q

_____ is a condition of the lungs characterized by enlargement of the air spaces distal to the bronchioles.

A

Emphysema

24
Q

NSAIDs, Beta Blockers, and Sulfites can trigger respiratory issues such as _____?

A

Drug induced asthma

25
Q

_____ is a short-acting beta2-specific bronchodilating beta agonist.used for acute treatment of asthma

A

Albuterol (Proventil)

26
Q

_____ is a long-acting beta2-specific bronchodilating beta agonist.used for maintenance management of asthma and should never be used for acute asthma treatment

A

Salmeterol (Serevent)

27
Q

What is optimum ejection fraction?

A. 50-60%
B. 60-70%
C. 80-90%
D. 90-100%

A

A. 50-60%

28
Q

Ejection fraction is significantly impaired when it reaches this level?

A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 35%
D. 45%

A

C. 35%

29
Q

What function of the heart is impaired when the heart doesn’t contract effectively and less oxygen rich blood is pumped out to the body?

A

Ejection fraction

30
Q

Ejection fraction is a _____ function ?

A. Systolic
B. Diastolic

A

A. Systolic

Left ventricular activity

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure include… SATA

A. Shortness of breath
B. Cough
C. Peripheral edema
D. Chest tightness

A

A. Shortness of breath
B. Cough
D. Chest tightness

*left side=lungs

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure include…

A. Shortness of breath
B. Cough
C. Peripheral edema
D. Chest tightness

A

C. Peripheral edema

33
Q

What are the causes of heart failure?

A 
Cardiac defect (MI, valve deficiency),
Defect outside the heart (CAD, pulmonary HTN, diabetes)
34
Q

What is the primary drug is the class Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors?

A

Milrinone

Start dosing low and titration up

35
Q

What is the primary drug in the class cardiac glycosides?

A

Digoxin

36
Q

What are the potassium sparing drugs for heart failure?

A

Aldosterone Antaganists

Spironolactone

37
Q

What are the adverse effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitor’s?

A 
Dysrhythmia, 
hypotension, 
angina, 
hypokalemia, 
tremor, 
thrombocytopenia

Pharmacology II - 2160 (3 decks)

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