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Spinal Anatomy > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T12?

A

2

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2
Q

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?

A

4 are typically identified (as many as 6 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

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3
Q

Which muscle is attached to the vertebral body of T12?

A

psoas major and minor

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4
Q

What does the superior tubercle of T12 represent?

A

the mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

What does the inferior tubercle of T12 represent?

A

the accessory process of lumbar vertebrae

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6
Q

What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of the 12th rib?

A

the superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1

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7
Q

Which costotransverse ligaments are attached at T12?

A

none; the capsular, superior, inferior and lateral costotransverse ligaments lack an attachment of T12

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8
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process region of T12?

A

the longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus and brevis, and intertransversarii

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9
Q

Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum brevis attachment?

A

T11

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10
Q

Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum longus attachment?

A

T10

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11
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T12?

A

backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

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12
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of t12?

A

forward, downward, and lateral (FoLD)

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13
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T12?

A

6

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14
Q

What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T12?

A

lumbar like, similar in length to T11

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15
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?

A

traps, lats, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus and brevis, and interspinalis

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16
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

A

the vertebral body and intervertebral disk have a greater anterior height than posterior height

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17
Q

What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebra?

A

decrease in height, increase in circumference

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18
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

6

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19
Q

What muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major and minor

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20
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

A

T12, L1

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21
Q

What is the name given to ligaments which attach the vertebral body to articular process?

A

transforaminal ligaments

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22
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

A

cervical - upper thoracic region and lumbar region

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23
Q

Cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to segments above

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24
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

A

C6

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25
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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26
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to lower segmental levels

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27
Q

What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

28
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

A

overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication diminishes

29
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process?

A

each transverse process is directed straigh lateral and increases in length from L1-L3. L4 then begins to decrease in length

30
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

A

accessory process

31
Q

Congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process results in what feature?

A

styloid process

32
Q

Congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process occurs with what frequency?

A

7% occurrence

33
Q

What ligaments will attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

mammillo-accessory ligament

34
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

35
Q

What muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

36
Q

What ligament attaches the 12th rib to the transverse process of L1?

A

the lumbosacral ligament

37
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis and longus, and intertransversarii

38
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

the lumbocostal, mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments

39
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medail (BUM), and typically concave

40
Q

what is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD); significant convexity

41
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

A

mammillary process

42
Q

What muscles will attach to the mammillary process?

A

multifidis and intertransversarii

43
Q

How many synovial joints are present on a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

4

44
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane

45
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane for L1/L2, L2/L3, and L3/L4; the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

46
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position?

A

joint asymmetry or joint tropism

47
Q

What is the name of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or kissing spines

48
Q

What is Baastrup’s syndrome?

A

elongatoin of the lumbar spinous process as a result of aging

49
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

A

lats, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus and brevis, and interspinalis

50
Q

What characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment?

A

On cranial view: the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At the L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle region

51
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of the 5th thoracic vertebra?

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis and longus, and intertransversarii

52
Q

What ligaments traditionally attach to the transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebra?

A

lumbosacral, iliolumbar and mammillo-accessory ligaments

53
Q

What is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

A

Knife Clasp Syndrome

54
Q

What muscles will attach to the fifth lumbar spinous process?

A

latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus and brevis, and interspinalis

55
Q

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

56
Q

What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

57
Q

From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of the sacrum will be replaced by what feature?

A

transverse ridges

58
Q

What forms the median sacral crest?

A

fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

59
Q

What forms the intermediate sacral crest?

A

fused articular processes and their facets

60
Q

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

A

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

61
Q

What is the sacral hiatus?

A

the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal

62
Q

An imaginary line drawn from the transverse process of S1 to the inferior lateral sacral angle will form what feature?

A

the lateral sacral crest

63
Q

What is the sacral tuberosity?

A

the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

64
Q

What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

A

the accessory sacro-iliac joint

65
Q

What feature is associated with the transverse tubercle of S5?

A

the inferior and lateral (inferolateral) sacral angle

66
Q

What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

A

auricular surface

Spinal Anatomy (1 decks)

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