Exam II Flashcards
What are the three other names for Acyclovir?
Acycloguanosine, zovirax, valtrex
What is the generic name for Zovirax
Acyclovir
What is the generic name for Valtrex
Acyclovir
Why isn’t acyclovir toxic to normal cells?
because it needs an enzyme from the herpesvirus itself to become phosphorylated and activated
name the drug that is a synthetic nucleoside analog of deoxyguanosine
acyclovir
true or false: selective toxicity limits the use of antiviral drugs?
true; the drug must be harmful to the agent but not to the host
what is acyclovir used to treat?
herpesvirus
true or false: acyclovir is an inactive prodrug?
true; it must be phospohorylated by a herpes enzyme and then by the host to become activated
How many kinases are required to activate acyclovir?
3
Name the kinases needed to activate acyclovir
thymidine kinase (from the herpes) – > acyclovir monophosphate; two kinases from host –> acyclovir di/tri phosphate
Name the active form of acyclovir
acyclovir triphosphate
What is the mechanism of action for acyclovir triphosphate
acyclovir triphosphate will be incorporated into growing viral DNA;
Viral DNA replaces deoxyguanosine by viral DNA polymerase;
Viral DNA chain terminates and further DNA replication is blocked
true or false: acyclovir triphosphate works to block viral DNA replication?
TRUE
how can a herpesvirus resist acyclovir?
mutants may lack thymidine kinase; the prodrug will never be phosphorylated and therefore never activated.
which drug is a water soluble cyclic amine
amantadine
what is the trade name for amantadine
symmetrel
Amantadine works on which group of viruses?
influenza A viruses
how does amantadine work?
inhibits influenza a viruses by blocking viral uncoating; targets the M2 transmembrane channel by blocking it and ending ion channel activity, preventing uncoating
This drug is most effective when given propylactically to susceptible patients in anticipation of infection?
amantadine (for influenza a virus)
which drug targets the M2 transmembrane channel?
amantadine
Tamiflu is the trade name for what drug?
oseltamivir phosphate
what is the mechanism of action for oseltamivir phosphate?
inhibits neuraminidase enzyme synthesized by A and B influenza
what is neuraminidase?
It is a glycoprotein on the surface of influenza a and B viruses. It facilitates the release of progeny visions (helps with budding)
Zidovudine is also known as what?
azidothymidine, AZT, Retrovir (tn)
