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World Civilization > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

Thera

A

Island in Greece; volcano destroyed half of the island; ruled by the Mycenaeans; king Tut’s body found here

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2
Q

Knossos

A

Capital of Crete (labyrinth —> double axis); bull-leaping

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3
Q

Mykenai (Mycenae)

A
  • Greece mainland
  • War-like people
  • Patriarchal
  • Took over Minoans
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4
Q

Linear A

A

Developed by the Minoans

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5
Q

Linear B

A

Developed by the Mycenaeans

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6
Q

Wanax

A

King title; later God title (Greece); head of society

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7
Q

Basileus

A

A ruler of the Easten Roman Empire/King (monarchs)

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8
Q

Ionians

A
  • leaders of a Greek economic and cultural revival after 750 BCE
  • settled on the coast of Central Asia Minor
  • ruler by king Cyrus (Persia)
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9
Q

Dorians

A
  • conquered Peloponnese
  • advancement in art
  • 1st to migrate into Greece
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10
Q

Olympia

A

Where Zeus’s sanctuary was located

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11
Q

Delphi (Delphoi)

A

Stadium primarily used for running races

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12
Q

Arête

A

Excellence; a virtue important to Greek society

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13
Q

Greek alphabet

A
  • replaced Linear B

- included vowels

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14
Q

Homer

A

Greek poet; most famous for the Iliad and the Odysseus

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15
Q

Hesiod

A

Greek poet; wrote Theogony

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16
Q

Polis

A

Greek city-state (meaning city)

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17
Q

Metropolis

A

Very large city/urban area which is a significant economic

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18
Q

Colony

A

Towns that were part of a trading network

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19
Q

Oligarchy

A

Ruled by few; personal interests

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20
Q

Tyranny

A

Abusive authority

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21
Q

Greek evolution

A

kingship —> oligarchy —> tyranny —> democracy

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22
Q

Lykourgos (Lycurgus) of Sparta

A

Set up Spartan form of government and redistributed land

  • Rhetra (militarized form of Spartan citizenship that cultivated a warrior society)
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23
Q

ephor

A

more powerful than kings, they are the administers of the city (overseers) - Sparta

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24
Q

helots

A

state slaves (tied to the land they worked on)

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25
Q

archons

A

9 magistrates chosen annually by the aristocratic council ‘rulers’ –governor

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26
Q

Boule

A

most power (Athens)

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27
Q

aeropagos

A

former archons, the aristocrats (Athens)

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28
Q

Gerousia

A

an advisory council of 28 elders (Sparta)

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29
Q

Solon

A

he reformed Athens in order to prevent future tyrants; illuminated slavery debt

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30
Q

Peisistratos (Tyranny of the Peistratidia) 560 - 510

A

Marginalized groups overthrow government as tyrants ultimately ruled as despots. The tyrants gave way to another overthrow of government, this time by the aristocrats aided by Sparta.

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31
Q

Kleisthenes (Cleisthenes)

A

expands the Boule to 500 members (50 members from 10 tribes); wanted to reduce facionalism

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32
Q

Darrius I

A

monarch/leader of the Persian Empire

  • Ionian revolt (499-493) — Persians WON
  • Battle of Marathon (Darrius wanted to punish Greece for aiding rebels; Persians destroyed Eretria attacks Marathon then plans to attack Athens; Athens asks Sparta for help twice; Athenians defeat Persia)
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33
Q

Xerxes

A

Darius I’s son; launches force of 1 million people in order to avenge for father’s defeat; small city-state immediately surrender to him

34
Q

Battle of Thermopylai (Thermopylae)

A

small Greek army gathers to fight Xerxes at Thermopylae, this time Sparta helps

300 Spartans
1000 other Greeks

Persians win battle (traitor showed Persia a way around the Greek army)

35
Q

Battle of Salamis

A

After the Persians burn Athen, refugees gather at Salamis. Persians follow and attacks them but the Greeks (navy) comes out of hiding and attack the Persians. Persians retreat.

36
Q

Delian League

A

The Greek naval alliance led by the Athenians - but the treasury is initially in Delos.

37
Q

Perikles

A

established democracy and the arts; height of Delian League; ostracized

38
Q

Peloponnesian War

A

Athens (Delian League); dominated sea vs. Sparta; dominated land; rebels against Athens (WON)

39
Q

Alkibiades (Alcibiades)

A

nephew of Perikles; traitor who went to Sparta to tell about Athens plans

40
Q

Dorric

A

lack basses; simple

41
Q

Ionic

A

has bases; spiral decorated at the top of the column

42
Q

Corinthian

A

floral style; more elaborate

43
Q

hetairai

A

companions - hoes

44
Q

Herodotos

A

father of history and lies (wrote about Greco-Persian war)

45
Q

Thucydides

A

Athenian general who recorded the history of the Peloponnesian war (Sparta vs. Athens)

46
Q

Xenophon

A

continued where Thucydides left off

47
Q

Sophokles

A

Wrote tragedies about the ancient legends of Thebes

48
Q

Aristophanes

A

Wrote Comedies about politicians and etc.

49
Q

Plato

A

studied under Sokrates; focused of the inner for/metaphysical form of things; goodness; ethics

50
Q

Epikouros (Epicurus)

A

believed that life is nasty, brutish and short; YOLO

51
Q

Demosthenes

A

was a great orator who went against Philip II; debates against Isokrates

52
Q

Philip II (Macedon)

A

Father of Alexander the Great; reformed Macedon and improved military, got control of metal and trade routes

53
Q

Chaironea (Chaironea) battle

A

Demosthenes led Athens and Thebes against Philip II and he wins and establishes Macedonian’s hegemony.

54
Q

Alexander the Great

A

son of Philip II; only 29 when stared ruling. Burnt down Thebes and killed family rival.

55
Q

Darius III (Persia)

A

fought against Alex The Great and lost (battle of Issos)

56
Q

Antigonids

A

Macedonia/Greece

57
Q

Ptolemies

58
Q

Seleucids of Syria

A

Asia/Persian Empire (benefactor/savor)

59
Q

Attalids (Pergamon)

A

Great new kingdom that gave itself to Rome

60
Q

Serpis

A

hybrid God (Egypt/Greek)

61
Q

Etruscans

A

from Asia Minor; dominated N. Italy in 4th century; lived in individual city-state rule by oligarchies.

62
Q

Patricians

63
Q

Pebelians

A

non nobility

64
Q

patrons

A

citizens with power and wealth; others asked them for help

65
Q

clients

A

citizens who need the patrons

66
Q

consuls

A

top Roman government (always more than one)

67
Q

tribunes

A

grouped below consuls; able to veto proposals in the Roman senate. Only Plebians able to be tribunes.

68
Q

dictator

A

In case of an emergency one would be appointed for 6 months

69
Q

legion

A

Romans fight individually and collectively

70
Q

phalanx

A

Greek linear fighting formation

71
Q

Pyrros (Pyrrhus) Epirus

A

cousin of Alexander the Great; used war elephants; won two battles against Romans; defeated in the 3rd battle - Pyrric victory

72
Q

Carthage

A

Rome’s evil twin; naval power

Hannibal —> General from Carthage; used war elephants/army to fight Rome in Italy; fought Scipio Africanus (Punic War)

73
Q

The Gracchi Brother (Tiberius and Gaius)

A

Tribune between 133 BC 121 BC

~ Reforms: limited the amount of land anyone person can hold; colonized other areas so landless could have land; killed by aristocrats

74
Q

latifundia

A

plantations

75
Q

1st Civil War

A

Garius Marcus vs. Sulla (senator general)

Marcus: Tribal Assembly elected consul in 107 BCE; gave land to the vets
Sulla: elected my the senate (WON)

76
Q

1st Triumvirate

A

Pompey (Spain), Crassus (Syria), Caesar (Gaul)

77
Q

2nd Triumvirate

A

Mark Antony, Octavian, Marcus Lepidus

78
Q

amphitheater

A

held Roman sporting events

79
Q

Circus Maximus

A

chariot racing

80
Q

Hasmoneans

A

Priestly family that came to power in Judea during the rebellion against the Seleucids

81
Q

Pharisees

A

fraction of the rabbis, function out of synagogues and believed it is up to then to interpret the religious law of the OT, strict interpretation (compete with Zealots)

World Civilization (1 decks)

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