Exam I - Quiz Flashcards
What are the four basic tissue types?
epithelial, neural, muscle, and connective
What is the function of osteoclasts?
bone-remodeling cells
Bone is primarily made up of what type of fibers?
Type I collagen fibers
Ground substance is primarily made up of what?
Glycosaminoglycans
What are the three types of glycosaminoglycans found primarily in bone?
hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and keratin sulfate
What is the primary bone mineral deposit?
Hydroxyapatite
What constitutes bone as “living”?
It can heal, age, and remodel.
The chondrocranium is formed by what type of ossification?
Endochondral ossification
What are the four types of bone variation?
Sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic variation, geographic or population based variation, and idiosyncratic variation.
What are accessory bones?
formed from the periosteum of existing bone; para-articular processes and bony spurs
What are heterotopic bones?
formed from cells within nonbone-related tissues as a result of the healing process, disease, stress, and/or age; pineal gland, heart, and ligaments
How many bones constitute the axial skeleton?
80 bones
How many bones constitute the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
How many bones make up the sternum?
1 bone
How many bones make up the hyoid?
5 bones; it is 1 bone though
How many bones are typically identified with the skull?
28 bones
What makes up the cranium?
the skull minus the mandible
What makes up the calvaria?
The top of the skull, the skullcap (calva)
What is the neurocranium?
the bones which surround the brain; 8 bones (unpaired: ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, and frontal AND paired: temporal and parietal)
What is the facial skeleton/splanchnocranium?
the bones which support the face or the front of the head; 14 bones (unpaired: vomer and manible AND paired: nasal, lacrimal, palatine, maxilla, zygomatic and inferior nasal concha)
What are the auditory ossicles?
the bones of the middle ear located within the temporal bone; 6 bones (paired: stapes [stirrup], incus [anvil], and malleus [hammer]
How many bones make up the adult vertebral column?
26 bones
How many bones make up the adult spine?
24 bones
Identify synarthrosis joints.
fibrous; restricted motion
Identify amphiarthrosis joints.
cartilaginous; semi-moveable
Identify diarthrosis joints.
synovial fluid; freely moveable
What is a limbous structure?
a true suture; sutura vera; it is both interlocking and overlapping
Does a sutura vera (true suture) follow endochondral or intramembranous ossification?
Intramembranous ossification
