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Human Disease and Therapeutics > Exam I Drugs > Flashcards

Exam I Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

donepezil (aricept)

A
  • acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
    • increases ACh
  • alzheimers disease
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2
Q

phenelzine

A
  • MAOI
  • mood disorders
  • autonomic side effects
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3
Q

tramadol (ultram)

A
  • non-opioid analgesic
  • neuropathic pain
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4
Q

methyltrexate

A
  • anti-inflammatory
  • multiple sclerosis
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5
Q

tamsulosin (flomax)

A
  • alpha 1 antagonist
  • multiple sclerosis - bladder dysfunction
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6
Q

indomethacin

A
  • COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor
  • potent with many side effects, rarely used
  • rheumatoid arthritis and gout
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7
Q

modafinil

A
  • considered a non-stimulant, but is actually a minor stimulant
  • multiple sclerosis - fatigue
  • ADHD and ADD, also narcolepsy
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8
Q

meperidine (demerol)

A
  • opioid
  • moderate pain
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9
Q

entacapone

A
  • COMT inhibitor
    • increases DA, NE, and Epi
  • parkinson’s disease
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10
Q

trihexyphenidyl

A
  • anticholinergic
    • used to control sialorrhea
  • parkinson’s disease
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11
Q

benztropine

A
  • anticholinergic
    • used to control sialorrhea
  • parkinson’s disease
  • side effect: xerostomia
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12
Q

metamucil (psyllium)

A
  • multiple sclerosis - bowel dysfunction
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13
Q

pramipexole

A
  • D2 agonist
  • parkinson’s disease
    • used early in disease (before L-DOPA)
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14
Q

meloxicam

A
  • COX-2 > COX-1
    • less GI effects, but more CV effects
  • pain
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15
Q

buprenerphine

A
  • opioid - mixed agonist/antagonist
  • treat opioid abuse
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16
Q

hydromorphone

A
  • opioid
  • 1.5mg
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17
Q

selegiline

A
  • MAOI
    • increases DA, NE, 5HT
  • parkinson’s disease, mood disorders (depression)
  • side effect: bruxism
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18
Q

ketoprofen

A
  • more potent form of ibuprofen
    • 50mg
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19
Q

morphine

A
  • opioid narcotic
  • 10mg
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20
Q

ibuprofen

A
  • COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor
  • pain - 400mg
  • inflammation - 800mg
  • CV side effects
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21
Q

naloxone

A
  • “narcan”
  • µ opioid antagonist
  • treat opioid overdose, fast acting
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22
Q

methadone

A
  • opioid
  • moderate/severe pain
  • treats opioid dependence
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23
Q

prednisone

A
  • steroid, anti-inflammatory
  • multiple sclerosis
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24
Q

nortryptyline

A
  • antidepressant - block NE uptake
  • 1st line tx for neuropathic pain
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25
Q

fentanyl

A
  • opioid (most potent)
  • 0.1mg
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26
Q

oxycodone

A
  • opioid
  • 20mg
  • percodan = 20mg aspirin + oxycodone
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27
Q

naprosyn/naproxen

A
  • aleve
  • longer lasting, slower acting form of ibuprofen
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28
Q

celecoxib (celebrex)

A
  • COX-2 selective inhibitor
  • lacks GI and antiplatelet effects
  • CV warning
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29
Q

codeine

A
  • opioid
  • 200mg
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30
Q

gabapentin (“lyrica” or “neurontin”)

A
  • ASD, neuropathic pain, affects GABA systems
  • multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, pain, fibromyalgia
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31
Q

oxymorphone

A
  • opioid
  • 1.0mg
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32
Q

salicylates (aspirin)

A
  • COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor
  • pain - 600mg
  • inflammation - 1000mg
  • anti-clotting/anti-platelet effects
  • side effects - GI irritation, tinnitus, respiratory alkalosis, reye syndrome
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33
Q

interferon

A
  • anti-inflammatory
  • multiple sclerosis
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34
Q

L-DOPA + carbidopa

A
  • precursor to DA
  • parkinson’s disease
  • side effects: xerostomia, glossitis, pigmentation, bruxism, can develop dyskinesias
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35
Q

hydrocodone + acetaminophen

A
  • “lortab” or “vicodin”
  • opioid
  • 30mg
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36
Q

clonazepam

A
  • benzodiazepine, classic ASD
  • multiple sclerosis - tremors; sedative
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37
Q

duloxetine (cymbalta)

A
  • antidepressant - mixed NE/5HT transport blocker
  • neuropathic pain, mood disorders (depression)
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38
Q

piroxican (feldene)

A
  • ibuprofen-like
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39
Q

desipramine

A
  • tricyclic antidepressant
  • mood disorders
  • side effects: anticholinergic effects
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40
Q

fluoxetine (prozac)

A
  • SSRI - antidepressant
  • mood disorders, multiple sclerosis, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia)
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41
Q

phenothiazines

A
  • ex. chlorpromazine, thioridizine
  • typical antipsychotic - D2 antagonist
  • schizophrenia, psychosis
  • side effects: orthostatic hypotension, sedation, xerostomia, extrapyramidal effects (less than butyrophenones)
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42
Q

quetiapine

A
  • atypical antipsychotic - D2 antagonist, 5HT2A antagonist
  • shizophrenia
  • fewer side effects
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43
Q

pentazocine (talwin)

A
  • opioid - mixed agonist/antagonist
  • moderate pain
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44
Q

amytriptyline

A
  • tricyclic antidepressant
  • mood disorders
  • side effects: anticholinergic effects, drowsiness
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45
Q

olanzapine

A
  • atypical antipsychotic - block 5HT2A presynaptic receptors to alter DA synthesis
  • huntington’s disease, schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
  • side effects: orthostatic hypotension, sedation, xerostomia, extrapyramidal effects
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46
Q

haldol (haloperidol)

A
  • butyrphenones - D2 antagonist (antipsychotic)
  • huntington’s disease, schizophrenia
  • side effects: tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, extrapyramidal effects
  • lacks anticholinergic effects
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47
Q

diflunisal

A
  • related to salicylates
  • good for bone pain
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48
Q

venalafaxine

A
  • mixed NE/5HT uptake blocker
  • mood disorders
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49
Q

doxepine

A
  • tricyclic antidepressant
  • mood disorders
  • side effects: anticholinergic effects
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50
Q

sertraline (zoloft)

A
  • SSRI
  • mood disorders, phobia disorders
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51
Q

lithium carbonate

A
  • alters 2nd messenger systems
  • bipolar disorder
  • side effects: weight gain, edema, kidney damage, tremors
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52
Q

clozapine

A
  • atypical antipsychotic - blocks 5HT2A receptors in addition to D2 antagonism
  • schizophrenia
  • side effects: serous agranulocytosis
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53
Q

ether

A
  • volatile compound
    • low vapor pressure, high boiling point
  • general anesthesia - provides hypnosis, amnesia, immobility (not any others)
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54
Q

nitrous oxide

A
  • volatile compound
    • low vapor pressure, high boiling point
  • low blood:gas partition coefficient
    • not very soluble in blood
    • need higher concentration for effects
    • rapid induction and recovery
  • incomplete anesthesia
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55
Q

halothane

enflurane

isoflurane

A
  • volatile compound
    • low vapor pressure, high boiling point
  • high blood:gas partition coefficient
    • soluble in blood
    • requires lower concentration
    • moderate induction and recovery phases
  • complete anesthesia
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56
Q

flumazenil

A
  • benzodiazepine antagonist
  • reverses effects of benzodiazepines for emergency or quick recovery after a procedure
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57
Q

benzodiazepines used in anesthesia

A
  • diazepam
  • lorazepam (ativan)
  • midazolam (versed)
  • mid-long acting (10-30hrs)
  • inhibits polysynaptic reflexes and skeletal neuromuscular junction at high doses
  • good amnestic and anxiolytic, not good analgesic (on its own)
  • side effects: synergizes with other sedatives
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58
Q

phenobarbital

A
  • barbiturate - enhances GABA
  • long-acting
  • treats seizures
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59
Q

propofol

A
  • replaced barbiturates
  • increases GABA activity
  • hypnotic, not analgesia, so must be given with other substances for GA
  • general anesthesia
60
Q

buspirone

A
  • anxiolytic - some NE agonist action
  • non-sedating, low abuse potential
61
Q

paxil

A
  • SSRI
  • panic attacks
62
Q

venlafaxin

A
  • antidepressant
  • panic attacks
63
Q

adderal

A
  • amphetamine - stimulant
  • ADHD and ADD
64
Q

ritalin

A
  • methylphenidate - stimulant
  • ADHD and ADD
65
Q

atomoxetine (straterra)

A
  • NE uptake inhibitor - non-stimulant
  • ADHD and ADD
66
Q

what is the treatment of autism spectrum disorders?

A
  • atypical antipsychotics and SSRIs
  • behavioral management
67
Q

triazolam (halcion)

A
  • benzodiazepine
  • hypnotic - shorter acting
  • chronic, moderately severe anxiety
68
Q

lorazepam (ativan)

A
  • benzodiazepine
  • hypnotic - shorter acting
  • chronic, moderately severe anxiety
69
Q

diazepam (valium)

A
  • benzodiazepine
  • sedative - longer acting
  • chronic, moderately severe anxiety
70
Q

alprazolam (xanax)

A
  • benzodiazepine
  • sedative - longer acting
  • chronic, moderately severe anxiety
71
Q

zolpidem (ambien)

A
  • benzodiazepine-like
  • sleep aid
72
Q

pentothal

A
  • barbiturate - short acting
  • enhances GABA
  • anesthesia induction
73
Q

M1 agonists

A

ACh, bethanechol, pilocarpine

74
Q

M1 angatonists

A

atropine, scopolamine

75
Q

M2 agonists

A

ACh, bethanechol, pilocarpine

76
Q

M2 antagonist

A

atropine, scopolamine

77
Q

M3 agonists

A

ACh, bethanechol, pilocarpine

78
Q

M3 antagonists

A

atropine, scopolamine

79
Q

Nm agonists

A

ACh

80
Q

Nm antagonist

A

succinylcholine, d-tubocurarine

81
Q

Nn agonist

A

ACh

82
Q

Nn antagonist

A

mecamylamine, trimethaphan

83
Q

alpha1 agonists

A

Epi > NE

phenylephrine, methoxamine

84
Q

alpha1 antagonist

A

prazosin, terazosin

85
Q

alpha2 agonist

A

Epi > NE

clonidine, guanfacine

86
Q

alpha2 antagonist

A

yohimbine

87
Q

beta1 agonist

A

Epi = NE

isoproterenol, dobutamine

88
Q

beta1 antagonist

A

propanolol, atenolol, metoprolol

89
Q

beta2 agonist

A

Epi >> NE

isoproterenol, albuterol, terbutaline

90
Q

beta2 antagonist

A

propanolol

91
Q

beta3 agonist

A

NE > Epi

92
Q

physostigmine

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor
  • glaucoma, antidote for atropine poisoning
93
Q

sarin

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor
  • nerve gas
94
Q

mechanism of succinylcholine

A

desensitizes the NM endplate by depolarizing it, so more ACh doesn’t do anything

95
Q

mechanism of tubocurarine

A
  • competitive, so it prevents access of ACh to receptor, so the endplate doesn’t depolarize
  • skeletal muscle relaxant (Nm antagonist)
96
Q

mechanism of botox

A

blocks the release of ACh at NM juntion

97
Q

cevimelin

A
  • cholinergic agonist
  • xerostomia in sjogren’s patients
98
Q

pilocarpine

A
  • cholinergic agonist
  • xerostomia after radiation therapy
99
Q

phenytoin

A
  • classic ASD
  • partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized, tonic-clonic)
  • side effect: gingival hyperplasia, hirsuitism, rare hepatitis
100
Q

carbamazepine

A
  • classic ASD
  • partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized, tonic-clonic)
  • side effects: rare hepatitis
101
Q

ethosuximide

A
  • classic ASD
  • uncomplicated absence seizures
102
Q

valproic acid (valproate)

A
  • classic ASD
  • partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized, tonic-clonic), generalized onset tonic-clonic, absence + tonic-clonic
  • side effects: rare hepatitis, alopecia
103
Q

diazepam

A
  • ASD
  • status epilepticus
104
Q

topiramate

A
  • newer ASD
  • partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized, tonic-clonic), generalized onset tonic-clonic
105
Q

prostigmine

A
  • acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • myasthenia gravis
106
Q

neostigmine

A
  • acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • myasthenia gravis
107
Q

treatment of guillain-barre syndrome?

A

plasma exchange and/or steroids

108
Q

thiopental/methohexital

A
  • barbiturate - short acting
  • no analgesia
  • avoid intermittent porphyria (red blood cell disease - porphyrin accumulation in brain)
  • thiopental - antiseizure
  • methohexital - used in electro-convulsive therapy
109
Q

ketamine

A
  • NMDA antagonist (some DAT inhibition)
  • dissociative analgesic - eyes remain open in a stare
  • antidepressant effects
  • side effects: hallucinations, abused
110
Q

spasmolytics

A
  • relieve spasmotic involuntary action of muscles
    • back spasms
  • diazepam-BDZ receptors
  • baclofen - GABAB receptors (less sedation than BDZs)
  • botulinum toxin
111
Q

rocuronium

A
  • skeletal muscle relaxant
  • competitive antagonist - prevents access of ACh to receptor
  • immobility
112
Q

sugammadex

A

reverses rocuronium (acts as a scavenger)

113
Q

disulfiram (antabuse)

A
  • inhibits ALDH with resulting increase in acetaldehyde
  • treats alcoholism
114
Q

naltrexone

A
  • µ opioid receptor antagonist
  • treats alcoholism
    • thought to decrease feelings of reward associated with drinking alcohol
115
Q

acamprosate (campral)

A
  • weak NMDA antagonist
  • activates GABAA receptors which may decrease feeling of a need for alcohol
  • treats alcoholism
116
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha 1 agonist

117
Q

pseudoephedrine

A

alpha 1 agonist

118
Q

prazosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist

119
Q

terazosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist

120
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

alpha 1 antagonist

alpha 2 antagonist

121
Q

phentolamine

A

alpha 1 antagonist

alpha 2 antagonist

122
Q

clonidine

A

alpha 2 agonist

123
Q

guanfacine

A

alpha 2 agonist

124
Q

yohimbine

A

alpha 2 antagonist

125
Q

isoproterenol

A

beta 1 agonist

beta 2 agonist

126
Q

dobutamine

A

beta 1 agonist

127
Q

propranolol

A

beta 1 antagonist

beta 2 antagonist

128
Q

atenolol

A

beta 1 antagonist

129
Q

metoprolol

A

beta 1 antagonist

130
Q

albuterol

A

beta 2 agonist

131
Q

terbutaline

A

beta 2 agonist

132
Q

pilocarpine

A

muscarinic agonist

133
Q

cevimeline

A

muscarinic agonist

134
Q

bethanechol

A

muscarinic agonist

135
Q

carbachol

A

muscarinic agonist

136
Q

atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist

137
Q

scopolamine

A

muscarinic antagonist

138
Q

propantheline (probanthine)

A

muscarinic antagonist

139
Q

trihexyphenidyl

A

muscarinic antagonist

140
Q

succinylcholine

A

nicotinic antagonist

141
Q

d-turbocurarine

A

nicotinic antagonist

142
Q

mecamylamine

A

nicotinic antagonist

(ganglion blocker)

143
Q

sarin

A

acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

144
Q

physostigmine

A

acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

145
Q

donepezil

A

acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

146
Q

edrophonium

A

acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Human Disease and Therapeutics (5 decks)

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